![A field of sand dunes on the floor of Mars’s Kaiser Crater, shown in a high-resolution image from …[Credits : NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems]](http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/23/75423-004-98477314.jpg)
A field of sand dunes on the floor of Mars’s Kaiser Crater, shown in a high-resolution image from the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft. Wind features on several scales are apparent: the large, relatively dark dunes; the ripples on the lighter surface across which the dunes are being blown; and a different ripple pattern at dune margins and where dunes merge. The orientation of the largest dunes indicates that the strongest winds on the crater floor blow from west to east (left to right).
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