in the Bible and the Qurʾān, one of the archangels. Gabriel was the heavenly messenger sent to Daniel to explain the vision of the ram and the he-goat and to communicate the prediction of the Seventy Weeks. He was also employed to announce the birth of John the Baptist to Zechariah and to announce the birth of Jesus to the Virgin Mary. It is because he stood in the divine presence that both Jewish and Christian writers generally speak of him as an archangel. In the Books of Enoch “the four great archangels” are Michael, Uriel, Raphael, and Gabriel, though elsewhere they are said to number seven. Gabriel’s feast is kept on September 29. Both Gabriel’s name and his functions were taken over by Islām from Judaeo-Christian tradition. His name is mentioned in the Qurʾān only three times, but various epithets in that scripture are widely recognized as referring to him.
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