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These instruments require the use of grazing-incidence techniques similar to those employed with X-ray telescopes. Gamma rays are the shortest (about 0.1 angstrom or less) known waves in the electromagnetic spectrum. As mentioned above, HEAO-3 was developed to collect data from cosmic gamma-ray sources. NASA and collaborative international agencies have numerous ongoing and planned projects in...
...the study of astronomical X-rays, gamma-ray observations must be made above the strongly absorbing atmosphere of the Earth—typically with orbiting satellites or high-altitude balloons (see telescope: Gamma-ray telescopes). There are many intriguing and poorly understood astronomical gamma-ray sources, including powerful point sources tentatively identified as pulsars, quasars, and...
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