Aspects of this topic are discussed in the following places at Britannica.
...advantages of monoplanes with unbraced wings and retractable landing gear were evident, and fighters of this description began to appear. The first of these to see operational service was the Soviet I-16, designed by Nikolay Polikarpov. The I-16 first flew in 1933 and enjoyed considerable success against German and Italian biplanes in the Spanish Civil War of 1936–39. Powered by a radial...
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