town, administrative headquarters of Nāgaur district, Rājasthān state, western India. Nāgaur, a walled town held successively by the 12th-century Hindu ruler of Dillī (Delhi), Pṛthvīrāja, by the 12th- and 13th-century Muslim conqueror Muḥammad of Ghūr, and by Bīkaner and Jodhpur chieftains, is said to take its name from its traditional founders, the Nāga Rājputs (warrior rulers of the historic region of Rājputāna). The fort contains palaces and a 17th-century mosque built by the Mughal emperor Shāh Jahān (reigned 1628–58). Connected by rail and road with Bīkaner and Merta, it is a trade centre for bullocks, wool, hides, and cotton. Industries include handloom weaving and the manufacture of camel fittings, metal utensils, and ivory goods.
Nāgaur district (6,841 sq m [17,718 sq km]), formerly part of Jodhpur princely state, comprises a sandy plain bordered east by the Arāvalli Range. Bajra (pearl millet), sorghum (jowar), and pulses are the chief crops, and an excellent breed of oxen is reared. Marble (at Makrāna) and gypsum deposits are worked. Pop. (1981) town, 48,005; district, 1,628,669.
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