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  • Dalitz, Richard Henry (British physicist)
    Australian-born nuclear physicist (b. Feb. 28, 1925, Dimboola, Vic., Australia—d. Jan. 13, 2006, Oxford, Eng.), was celebrated for having devised the Dalitz plot and demonstrated the existence of Dalitz pairs, work that made possible many other discoveries in particle physics. After studying mathematics (B.A., 1944) and physics (B.Sc., 1945) at the University of Melbourne, Dalitz moved to E...
  • Dalkeith (Scotland, United Kingdom)
    burgh (town), Midlothian council area and historic county, southeastern Scotland. It is near the capital, Edinburgh, and has an increasing population of workers who commute to that city. Dalkeith is an agricultural, educational, and electronic-engineering centre, with some of the latter activity housed in the former corn exchange (1854). Other industries include carpet making, b...
  • Dalkeith, James Scott, Earl of (English noble)
    claimant to the English throne who led an unsuccessful rebellion against King James II in 1685. Although the strikingly handsome Monmouth had the outward bearing of an ideal monarch, he lacked the intelligence and resolution needed for a determined struggle for power....
  • Dall porpoise (mammal)
    The Dall porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) is the largest porpoise and the only member of its genus. Active and gregarious, it often rides the bow waves of ships. The Dall porpoise is black with a large white patch on each side of the body. It is usually seen in groups of 2 to 20 along the northern rim of the Pacific Ocean, where they eat squid and fish. True’s porpoise (......
  • Dall sheep (mammal)
    (Ovis dalli), species of bighorn....
  • Dalla Hill (hill, Nigeria)
    Dalla Hill (1,753 feet [534 m]) and Goron Dutse Hill (1,697 feet [517 m]) dominate the old city, which has lowland pools and borrow pits, source of the mud for building its square, flat-roofed houses. The population is mostly Hausa, mainly Kano (Kanawa), but also includes the Abagagyawa, who claim descent from Kano’s original inhabitants, and Fulani. The city is subdivided into about 100......
  • Dallaire, Roméo (Canadian military officer)
    By the time that Canadian Lieut. Gen. Roméo A. Dallaire left Rwanda in 1994, the ill-fated UN peacekeeping mission he led had been forced to watch helplessly as extremist ethnic Hutu butchered thousands of Tutsi and moderate Hutu. Wracked with guilt over the debacle, he sank into a despair that nearly ended in suicide in 2000. By 2005, however, Dallaire had turned his life around to become ...
  • Dallaji, Umaru (Fulani leader)
    ...herdsmen settled in Katsina by the 15th century, and in 1804 the Fulani jihad (holy war) leader, Usman dan Fodio, led a revolt (beginning in Gobir) against the Hausa overlords. The Fulani leader Umaru Dallaji captured Katsina town in 1806 and was named the first Katsina emir with Katsina as his seat. The emirate was governed by the representative of the sultan of Sokoto (a town 160 miles......
  • Dallam, Thomas (English organ maker)
    prominent English organ builder, whose sons were also known for their organ-building....
  • Dallán Forgaill (Irish poet)
    chief Irish poet of his time, probably the author of the Amra Choluim Chille, or Elegy of St. Columba, one of the earliest Irish poems of any length. The poem was composed after St. Columba’s death in 597 in the alliterative, accentual poetic form of the period, in stanzas of irregular length. It has survived in the language of later transcripts; its earliest extant copies are...
  • Dallapiccola, Luigi (Italian composer)
    Italian composer, noteworthy for putting the disciplined 12-tone serial technique at the service of warm, emotional expression....
  • Dallas (Texas, United States)
    city, Dallas, Collin, Denton, Rockwell, and Kaufman counties, seat (1846) of Dallas county, north-central Texas, U.S. It lies along the Trinity River near the junction of that river’s three forks, in a region of prairies, tree-lined creeks and rivers, and gentle hills. Its winters are mild with brief cold spells, but summers are hot with moderate to high humidity. Dallas ...
  • Dallas (American television show)
    American television soap opera that revolutionized prime-time drama and was among the most popular programs of the 1980s. Dallas started as a five-part miniseries on the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in April 1978 and continued to air for 13 full seasons (1978–91), becoming one of the era’s signature shows and a global phenomenon....
  • Dallas, Alexander J. (American politician)
    Dallas was the son of Alexander J. Dallas, secretary of the Treasury (1814–16), and Arabella Maria Smith. In 1813 his father arranged for George to serve as a private secretary to Albert Gallatin, secretary of the Treasury (1801–14), on his diplomatic mission to Russia to negotiate an end to the War of 1812. After working for his father in the Treasury department and with the legal.....
  • Dallas Aquarium (aquarium, Texas, United States)
    The Dallas Aquarium at Fair Park, which is operated by Dallas Zoo, opened in 1936 as part of the city’s celebration of the Texas centennial. The aquarium features some 6,000 freshwater and saltwater species of fish, reptiles, and amphibians and conducts breeding programs for regional endangered species such as the desert pupfish....
  • Dallas Cotton Exchange (market, Dallas, Texas, United States)
    Locally produced grain, leather, and especially cotton (grown in the black-clay fields around Dallas) fed the city’s early growth and were followed by insurance and, later, oil. The Dallas Cotton Exchange was organized in 1907 and in the early decades of the 20th century was one of the world’s largest cotton markets. In addition, the city was a top manufacturer of cotton-ginning mach...
  • Dallas Cowboys (football team)
    ...a horticulture centre, and the fairgrounds of one of the country’s largest annual state expositions. The Dallas Zoo is noted for its reptile collection. Texas Stadium in Irving is the home of the Dallas Cowboys (American football) and the team’s famous cheerleaders; other professional sports teams include the Texas Rangers (baseball), Dallas Mavericks (basketball), Dallas Stars (i...
  • Dallas, George Mifflin (vice president of United States)
    11th vice president of the United States (1845–49) in the Democratic administration of President James K. Polk....
  • Dallas Symphony Orchestra (American orchestra)
    11th vice president of the United States (1845–49) in the Democratic administration of President James K. Polk.......
  • Dallas Zoo (zoo, Dallas, Texas, United States)
    municipal zoological garden in Marsalis Park, Dallas, Texas, U.S. It is noted for its fine reptile and amphibian collection. Founded in 1888, the zoo houses about 1,500 specimens of more than 300 species on its 95-acre (38-hectare) site. It is operated by the city of Dallas and partially supported by the Dallas Zoological Society, a private ...
  • Dallas–Fort Worth International Airport (airport, Texas, United States)
    ...unit terminal is used wherever an airport passenger terminal system comprises more than one terminal. Unit terminals may be made up of a number of terminals of similar design (e.g., Dallas–Fort Worth and Kansas City in the United States), terminals of different design (e.g., London’s Heathrow, Pearson International Airport near Toronto, John F. Kennedy International.....
  • Dalle, Franƈois Léon Marie-Joseph (French executive)
    French business executive (b. March 18, 1918, Hesdin, Pas-de-Calais, France—d. Aug. 9, 2005, Geneva, Switz.), in his role as CEO (1957–84), built L’Oréal SA from a small French producer of salon-based hair products into a global mass marketer of cosmetics and fragrances, which included not only consumer products under the L’Oréal name but also such prestig...
  • Dalles City (Oregon, United States)
    inland port, seat (1854) of Wasco county, Oregon, U.S., on the south bank of the Columbia River, 75 miles (121 km) east of Portland, within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area. The area around The Dalles is known to have been a trading centre for Native Americans as long as 10,000 years ago and is thus one of the oldest inhabited places in North Amer...
  • Dalles, The (Oregon, United States)
    inland port, seat (1854) of Wasco county, Oregon, U.S., on the south bank of the Columbia River, 75 miles (121 km) east of Portland, within the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area. The area around The Dalles is known to have been a trading centre for Native Americans as long as 10,000 years ago and is thus one of the oldest inhabited places in North Amer...
  • Dallia pectoralis (fish)
    (species Dallia pectoralis), Arctic freshwater fish, assigned by most authorities to the family Umbridae but by others to the separate family Dalliidae. The fish is about 20 cm (8 inches) long, with a dark, streamlined body, protruding lower jaw, and two large opposed fins near the tail. Locally important as a food fish, it lives in shallow streams and ponds of North America and Siberia. Al...
  • Dallin, Cyrus Edwin (American sculptor)
    American sculptor, best known for equestrian portraits of American Indians....
  • Dalling and Bulwer of Dalling, William Henry Lytton Earle Bulwer, Baron (British diplomat)
    diplomat who, as British ambassador to the United States, negotiated the controversial Clayton–Bulwer Treaty (April 19, 1850), which concerned in part the possibility of a canal traversing Central America and was also intended to resolve (but in fact aggravated) various Anglo-American disputes in Latin America....
  • dallis grass (plant)
    genus of annual and perennial grasses of the family Poaceae, containing about 400 species distributed throughout warm regions of the world. Some are valuable forage grasses. P. dilatatum, a South American species, is also grown in Australian and North American (where it is known as dallis grass) pastures. Paspalum urvillei, known as vasey grass in North America, is grown as hay......
  • Dallmeyer, John Henry (British manufacturer)
    British inventor and manufacturer of lenses....
  • Dallmeyer, Thomas Rudolphus (British manufacturer)
    His son Thomas Rudolphus Dallmeyer (1859–1906) introduced telephoto lenses into ordinary practice (patented 1891) and wrote a standard book on the subject (Telephotography, 1899)....
  • Dall’s sheep (sheep)
    His son Thomas Rudolphus Dallmeyer (1859–1906) introduced telephoto lenses into ordinary practice (patented 1891) and wrote a standard book on the subject (Telephotography, 1899).......
  • Dally, Clarence (American scientist)
    ...fingers to X rays and provided accurate observations on the burns produced. That same year, Thomas Alva Edison was engaged in developing a fluorescent X-ray lamp when he noticed that his assistant, Clarence Dally, was so “poisonously affected” by the new rays that his hair fell out and his scalp became inflamed and ulcerated. By 1904 Dally had developed severe ulcers on both hands...
  • Dalmacija (region, Croatia)
    region of Croatia, comprising a central coastal strip and a fringe of islands along the Adriatic Sea. Its greatest breadth, on the mainland, is about 28 miles (45 km), and its total length, from the Kvarner (Quarnero) gulf to the narrows of Kotor (Cattaro), is about 233 miles (375 km). The major islands from north to south (with Italian names in parentheses) are Krk (Veglia), Cres (Cherso), Rab (A...
  • Dalmanites (trilobite)
    region of Croatia, comprising a central coastal strip and a fringe of islands along the Adriatic Sea. Its greatest breadth, on the mainland, is about 28 miles (45 km), and its total length, from the Kvarner (Quarnero) gulf to the narrows of Kotor (Cattaro), is about 233 miles (375 km). The major islands from north to south (with Italian names in parentheses) are Krk (Veglia), Cres (Cherso), Rab (A...
  • Dalmatia (region, Croatia)
    region of Croatia, comprising a central coastal strip and a fringe of islands along the Adriatic Sea. Its greatest breadth, on the mainland, is about 28 miles (45 km), and its total length, from the Kvarner (Quarnero) gulf to the narrows of Kotor (Cattaro), is about 233 miles (375 km). The major islands from north to south (with Italian names in parentheses) are Krk (Veglia), Cres (Cherso), Rab (A...
  • Dalmatian (breed of dog)
    dog breed named after the Adriatic coastal region of Dalmatia, Croatia, its first definite home. The origins of the breed are unknown. The Dalmatian has served as a sentinel, war dog, fire department mascot, hunter, shepherd, and performer. It is best known, however, as a coach or carriage dog, functioning as an escort and guard for horse-drawn vehicles. A sle...
  • Dalmatian language
    extinct Romance language formerly spoken along the Dalmatian coast from the island of Veglia (modern Krk) to Ragusa (modern Dubrovnik). Ragusan Dalmatian probably disappeared in the 17th century; the Vegliot Dalmatian dialect became extinct in the 19th century. ...
  • Dalmatian sage (herb)
    S. officinalis, which has many varieties, grows wild and is cultivated in many parts of the world. Dalmatian sage, held in high esteem, is warmly fragrant and slightly bitter. There are several other species of Salvia (q.v.) that are also known as sage....
  • dalmatic (ecclesiastical garb)
    liturgical vestment worn over other vestments by Roman Catholic and some Anglican deacons. It probably originated in Dalmatia in Greece and was a commonly worn outer garment in the Roman world in the 3rd century and later. Gradually, it became the distinctive garment of deacons....
  • Dalmatin, Jurij (Slovene translator)
    ...of the Protestant Reformation. The Slovene Protestants, despite the lack of literary forebears, evinced a clear national consciousness: Primož Trubar, who wrote the first Slovene book (1550), Jurij Dalmatin, who translated the Bible into Slovene (1584), and Adam Bohorič, who established a Slovene orthography and analyzed Slovene grammar (1584), created, with others, a corpus of......
  • Dalmatische, Das (work by Bartoli)
    Having obtained his doctorate at the University of Vienna, Bartoli in 1907 became professor at the University of Turin, where he remained until his retirement. In an important early study, Das Dalmatische (1906; “Dalmatian”), he documented and analyzed the now-extinct Romance dialect of the Adriatic island of Veglia (Krk, Yugos.). He later advanced his theories about language....
  • Dalmiro (Spanish writer)
    Spanish writer famous for his Cartas marruecas (1793; “Moroccan Letters”), in which a Moorish traveler in Spain makes penetrating criticisms of Spanish life. Educated in Madrid, Cadalso traveled widely and, although he hated war, enlisted in the army against the Portuguese during the Seven Years’ War. His prose satire Los eruditos a la vio...
  • Dalnevostochnaya Respublika (historical state, Russia)
    nominally independent state formed by Soviet Russia in eastern Siberia in 1920 and absorbed into the Soviet Union in 1922. At the time of the Far Eastern Republic’s creation, the Bolsheviks controlled Siberia west of Lake Baikal, while Japan held much of the Pacific coast, including Vladivostok. Lenin therefore ordered the creation of the Far Eastern R...
  • Dalny (China)
    city and port, southern Liaoning sheng (province), northeastern China. It consists of the formerly independent cities of Dalian and Lüshun, which were amalgamated (as Lüda) in 1950; in 1981 the name Dalian was restored, and Lüshun became a district of the city....
  • Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)
    town, west-central Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast), at the intersection of major north-south and east-west routes. It is the chief collecting point for a forest region that sends coffee, cocoa, kola nuts, and timber (sipo) to the coast for export. Daloa is also a local trade centre for rice, cassava, yams, bananas, and cotton and has several sawmills, a rural technical...
  • Dalong (Chinese artist)
    Chinese seal carver, painter, and calligrapher who was prominent in the early 20th century....
  • dalostone (rock)
    Along with calcite and aragonite, dolomite makes up approximately 2 percent of the Earth’s crust. The bulk of the dolomite constitutes dolostone formations that occur as thick units of great areal extent in many sequences of chiefly marine strata. (The rock dolostone is referred to by only the mineral name—i.e., dolomite—by many geologists.) The Dolomite Alps of northern Italy...
  • Dalou, Aimé-Jules (French sculptor)
    French sculptor noted for allegorical group compositions of Baroque inspiration and for simpler studies of common people, representative of the naturalist trend in French sculpture....
  • Dalou, Jules (French sculptor)
    French sculptor noted for allegorical group compositions of Baroque inspiration and for simpler studies of common people, representative of the naturalist trend in French sculpture....
  • Dalou Mountains (mountains, China)
    ...attain an elevation between 11,000 and 13,000 feet (3,400 and 4,000 metres) above sea level. The limestone Daba Mountains rise to approximately 9,000 feet (2,700 metres) on the northeast, while the Dalou Mountains, a lower and less continuous range with an average elevation of 5,000 to 7,000 feet (1,500 to 2,100 metres), border the south. To the west the Daxue Mountains of the Tibetan......
  • Dalpé, Jean Marc (Canadian author)
    ...in the early 1970s, achieved popular success with his musical comedy Lavalléville (1975). Continuing the theatrical tradition into the 1980s and 1990s, both Jean Marc Dalpé (Le Chien [1987; “The Dog”]) and Michel Ouellette (French Town [1994]) won Canada’s Governor General’s Awar...
  • Dalradian Series (geology)
    sequence of highly folded and metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic rocks of late Precambrian to Early Cambrian age, about 540 million years old, that occurs in the southeastern portions of the Scottish Highlands of Great Britain, where it occupies a belt 720 kilometres (450 miles) long....
  • Dalriada (ancient kingdom, Ireland)
    Gaelic kingdom that, at least from the 5th century ad, extended on both sides of the North Channel and composed the northern part of the present County Antrim, Northern Ireland, and part of the Inner Hebrides and Argyll, in Scotland. In earlier times, Argyll had received extensive immigration from the Irish (known as Scoti until the 12th century) of northern Ireland and had become an...
  • Dalruadhain (Scotland, United Kingdom)
    small royal burgh (town) and seaport, Argyll and Bute council area, historic county of Argyllshire, western Scotland. Campbeltown is the main centre of the Peninsula of Kintyre, which is 40 miles (65 km) long and protrudes into the Atlantic. By sea it is 83 miles (134 km) southwest of Glasgow, and there is a direct air link from Campbeltown (Machrihanish) Airp...
  • Dalrymple, Alexander (British geographer and hydrographer)
    Scottish geographer, first hydrographer of the British Admiralty and proponent of the existence of a vast, populous continent in the South Pacific, which he called the Great South Land....
  • Dalrymple, George (Australian explorer)
    ...at Halifax Bay in the Hinchinbrook Channel. A relatively deep stream, the longest tributary of which is Blunder Creek, it drains an area of 3,340 square miles (8,650 square km). Explored in 1864 by George Dalrymple, the river was named after Sir Robert George Herbert, the state’s first premier. Dense forests along its middle course furnish lumber, while sugarcane is grown on flats near t...
  • Dalrymple, Ian Murray (British screenwriter)
    Screenplay: George Bernard Shaw; adaptation by Ian Dalrymple, Cecil Lewis, W.P. Lipscomb for PygmalionOriginal Story: Eleanore Griffin and Dore Schary for Boys TownCinematography: Joseph Ruttenberg for The Great......
  • Dalrymple, Sir John (English leader)
    ...inquiry but took no further action until in 1695 the Scottish Parliament demanded a public investigation. He then showed culpable leniency to the offenders, merely dismissing from his secretaryship Sir John Dalrymple, on whom responsibility for the massacre was finally placed. In Ireland war formally broke out in 1689, when James landed there with French support. But the successful defense of.....
  • Dalsland (province, Sweden)
    landskap (province), southwestern Sweden, on the Norwegian border, one of the smaller traditional provinces in the country. It is bounded to the east by Lake Vänern, to the west by Norway and the province of Bohuslän, and to the north by the province of Värmland. Dalsland is i...
  • dalton (physics)
    The mass of atoms is measured in terms of the atomic mass unit, which is defined to be 112 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12, or 1.6605402 × 10−24 gram. The mass of an atom consists of the mass of the nucleus plus that of the electrons, so the atomic mass unit is not exactly the same as the mass of the proton or neutron....
  • Dalton (Georgia, United States)
    city, seat (1851) of Whitfield county, northwestern Georgia, U.S., encircled by the Cohutta Mountains. Although founded in 1837 as Cross Plains, it was renamed, probably, for the mother of Edward White (head of the syndicate that bought the townsite), whose maiden name was Dalton. It developed as a shipping point for copper mined nearby. Several American Civil War...
  • Dalton, Bill (American outlaw)
    four train and bank robbers famous in U.S. Western history: Grattan (“Grat”; 1861–92), William (“Bill”; 1863–94), Robert (“Bob”; 1870–92), and Emmett (1871–1937). Their older cousins were the outlaw Younger brothers....
  • Dalton Brothers (American outlaws)
    four train and bank robbers famous in U.S. Western history: Grattan (“Grat”; 1861–92), William (“Bill”; 1863–94), Robert (“Bob”; 1870–92), and Emmett (1871–1937). Their older cousins were the outlaw Younger brothers....
  • Dalton Defenders Museum (museum, Coffeyville, Kansas, United States)
    ...important trading and industrial centre. It is located in the mid-continent gas and oil field (natural gas was discovered there in 1892) and is the seat of Coffeyville Community College (1923). The Dalton Defenders Museum in Coffeyville commemorates local citizens who in October 1892 died in a gun battle with the Dalton brothers, local desperadoes. Montgomery State Fishing Lake is located......
  • Dalton, Emmet (American outlaw)
    four train and bank robbers famous in U.S. Western history: Grattan (“Grat”; 1861–92), William (“Bill”; 1863–94), Robert (“Bob”; 1870–92), and Emmett (1871–1937). Their older cousins were the outlaw Younger brothers....
  • Dalton, John (British scientist)
    English meteorologist and chemist, a pioneer in the development of modern atomic theory....
  • Dalton, Katharina Dorothea Kuipers (British gynecologist)
    British gynecologist (b. Nov. 11, 1916, London, Eng.—d. Sept. 17, 2004, Poole, Dorset, Eng.), identified the symptoms suffered by women before and during their menstrual cycles as those of an actual physical disorder, which she called premenstrual syndrome, or PMS. Dalton noticed that the migraines she normally suffered every month prior to menstruation disappeared during her first pregnanc...
  • Dalton Laboratory Plan (education)
    secondary-education technique based on individual learning. Developed by Helen Parkhurst in 1919, it was at first introduced at a school for the handicapped and then in 1920 in the high school of Dalton, Mass. The plan had grown out of the reaction of some progressive educators to the inadequacies inherent in the conventional grading system, which ignored individual variables i...
  • Dalton Plan (education)
    secondary-education technique based on individual learning. Developed by Helen Parkhurst in 1919, it was at first introduced at a school for the handicapped and then in 1920 in the high school of Dalton, Mass. The plan had grown out of the reaction of some progressive educators to the inadequacies inherent in the conventional grading system, which ignored individual variables i...
  • Dalton, Roque (El Salvadoran poet)
    ...prized the arts, especially literature. But any kind of antigovernment literature was an extremely dangerous enterprise during the civil war years; one of the country’s most widely respected poets, Roque Dalton, was assassinated in 1975 after having written several books that criticized the ruling party, and many other Salvadoran writers, artists, and intellectuals fled the country. Few ...
  • Dalton, William (American vaudeville star)
    American vaudeville star, often called the greatest female impersonator in theatrical history....
  • Dalton, William (American outlaw)
    four train and bank robbers famous in U.S. Western history: Grattan (“Grat”; 1861–92), William (“Bill”; 1863–94), Robert (“Bob”; 1870–92), and Emmett (1871–1937). Their older cousins were the outlaw Younger brothers....
  • daltonide compound (chemistry)
    any solid chemical compound in which the numbers of atoms of the elements present cannot be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers; sometimes called berthollide compounds in distinction from daltonides (in which the atomic ratios are those of small integers), nonstoichiometric compounds are best known among the transition elements. Several of them are important as components of......
  • Dalton’s law (physical science)
    the statement that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual component gases. The partial pressure is the pressure that each gas would exert if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture at the same temperature....
  • Daltrey, Roger (British singer)
    ...members were Pete Townshend (b. May 19, 1945London, England), Roger Daltrey (b. March 1, 1944London), John......
  • daluo (musical instrument)
    ...instrumentation and style vary according to function and region. Even the sizes and names of instruments differ. The three major instruments present in most styles are daluo (large gong without a boss, beaten with a padded mallet), bo (cymbals), and gu (skin-headed drum,......
  • Daly, Augustin (American dramatist and theatrical manager)
    American playwright and theatrical manager whose companies were major features of the New York and London stage....
  • Daly, César-Denis (French architect)
    ...Charles Darwin. Darwin’s writings on evolution, particularly on organic growth, left their mark on European writers on architecture and, in turn, on Sullivan’s own thinking. The French architect César-Denis Daly, for example, in an essay reprinted in a Chicago architectural journal, stated thateach style of architecture…being born of the intellectual and ...
  • Daly City (California, United States)
    city, San Mateo county, California, U.S. Daly City is adjacent to San Francisco, between the San Bruno Mountains and the Pacific Ocean on the San Francisco peninsula. First inhabited by Ohlone Indians, the site became a Spanish land grant (largely uninhabited) in the 18th century. Later a farming community known as Vista Grande, it resisted development until 1...
  • Daly detector (instrument)
    In 1960 N.R. Daly introduced a form of detector with properties superior to the electron multipliers described above. In this design the incident ions are attracted to a rounded electrode of a few centimetres in dimension that is held at 10,000 to 20,000 volts negative. The ions strike the “door knob” and release a few secondary electrons for each incident ion; these electrons are......
  • Daly, John Augustin (American dramatist and theatrical manager)
    American playwright and theatrical manager whose companies were major features of the New York and London stage....
  • Daly, Marcus (American industrialist)
    American mining tycoon. Called the “Copper King,” he was the prime mover behind the Anaconda Copper Mining Co., one of the world’s largest copper producers....
  • Daly, N. R. (chemist)
    In 1960 N.R. Daly introduced a form of detector with properties superior to the electron multipliers described above. In this design the incident ions are attracted to a rounded electrode of a few centimetres in dimension that is held at 10,000 to 20,000 volts negative. The ions strike the “door knob” and release a few secondary electrons for each incident ion; these electrons are......
  • Daly, Reginald Aldworth (Canadian-American geologist)
    Canadian-American geologist who independently developed the theory of magmatic stoping, whereby molten magma rises through the Earth’s crust and shatters, but does not melt, the surrounding rocks. The rocks, being denser than the magma, then sink, making room for the magma to rise. This theory was instrumental in explaining the structure of many igneous rock formations....
  • Daly River (river, Northern Territory, Australia)
    river in northwestern Northern Territory, Australia; it is formed by the juncture of the King, Katherine, and Flora rivers in the hills west of Arnhem Land and flows northwest for about 200 miles (320 km) to Anson Bay on the Timor Sea. With its major tributary, the Fergusson, the Daly drains a 22,640-square-mile (58,640-square-kilometre) basin comprising flat or gently rolling c...
  • Dalziel, Diana (American editor and fashion expert)
    American editor and fashion expert whose dramatic personality and distinctive tastes marked her successful leadership of major American fashion magazines during the mid-20th century....
  • dam (female parent)
    ...behaviour is a combination of instinct and environment. Dogs are born with certain innate characteristics that are evident from birth. Puppies are born blind and deaf, totally dependent on the dam for warmth and nourishment. The dam will instinctively suckle and protect her young, often keeping other dogs and all but the most trusted people away from the whelping box. Between 10 and 14......
  • dam (engineering)
    structure built across a stream, river, or estuary to retain water. Dams are built to provide water for human consumption, for irrigating arid and semiarid lands, or for use in industrial processes. They are used to increase the amount of water available for generating hydroelectric power, to reduce peak discharge of floodwater created by large storms or heavy...
  • Dam, Carl Peter Henrik (Danish biochemist)
    Danish biochemist who, with Edward A. Doisy, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1943 for research into antihemorrhagic substances and the discovery of vitamin K (1939)....
  • Dam, Henrik (Danish biochemist)
    Danish biochemist who, with Edward A. Doisy, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1943 for research into antihemorrhagic substances and the discovery of vitamin K (1939)....
  • DAMA (communications)
    ...area-of-coverage beams for broadcasting and small area-of-coverage “spot beams” for point-to-point communications. By switching between these beams upon request—a process known as demand assigned multiple access (DAMA)—multibeam satellites can link widely distributed mobile and fixed users that cannot be linked economically by optical fibre cables or earthbound radio...
  • Dama dama (mammal)
    (Dama dama), medium-sized deer, family Cervidae (order Artiodactyla), commonly kept on estates and in parks and zoos. The fallow deer was probably native to the Mediterranean region and western Asia but has been introduced in many areas and now occurs wild in Europe and elsewhere. It often inhabits open woods; the females and young live in groups while the males remain apart except in the ...
  • “dama de Elche, La” (sculpture)
    ...domination the name was changed to Elx, whence Elche. A well-known example of 5th-century-bc Iberian art, a polychrome stone statue known as La dama de Elche (“The Lady of Elche”), was found on a nearby archaeological site in 1897; a mosaic floor with Latin inscriptions was also uncovered there in 1959. A local custom—declared a n...
  • Dama gazelle (mammal)
    The Dama gazelle (G. dama) is the largest of all gazelles and inhabits North Africa. Its coat ranges from reddish brown with a white rump, underparts, and head in the western races, such as the critically endangered mhorr gazelle (G. dama mhorr), to white with reddish brown neck and shoulders in the eastern, red-necked gazelle (G. dama......
  • Dama mesopotamica (mammal)
    fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) of western Asia. The maral, an Asiatic red deer, also is often called Persian deer. See fallow deer....
  • Damad Ferid Paşa (Ottoman vizier)
    The official government yielded to Kemalist pressure. The unpopular grand vizier, Damad Ferid Pasha, resigned and was replaced by the more sympathetic Ali Riza Pasha. Negotiations with the Kemalists were followed by the election of a new parliament, which met in Istanbul in January 1920. A large majority in parliament was opposed to the official government policy and passed the National Pact,......
  • Dāmād, Muḥammad Bāqir ibn ad- (Islamic philosopher)
    philosopher, teacher, and leader in the cultural renascence of Iran during the Ṣafavid dynasty....
  • Damagaram (Niger)
    city, south-central Niger. The country’s second largest city, it was the capital of a Muslim dynasty established in the 18th century, which freed itself from the sovereignty of Bornu in the mid-19th century. The city was occupied by French troops in 1899, and it served as the capital of the former French colony of Niger (in French West Africa) from 1922 to 1926....
  • damage buoyancy (nautical science)
    Building a ship that can be neither sunk nor capsized is beyond practicality, but a ship can be designed to survive moderate damage and, if sinking is inevitable, to sink slowly and without capsizing in order to maximize the survival chances of the people aboard....
  • damage, malicious (law)
    ...blame. Within the disaster community the establishment of solidarity is a concern that dampens scapegoating, at least until the immediate emergency is past. Third, there is much less looting and vandalism than is popularly supposed. Even among persons who converge from outside the community there is more petty pilfering for souvenirs than serious crime. Fourth, initially an altruistic......
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