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E (physics)
energy per unit electric charge that is imparted by an energy source, such as an electric generator or a battery. Energy is converted from one form to another in the generator or battery as the device does work on the electric charge being transferred within itself. One terminal of the device becomes positively charged, the other becomes negatively charged. The work done on a unit of electric char...
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E (drug)
MDMA (3,4, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), euphoria-inducing stimulant and hallucinogen. The use of Ecstasy, commonly known as “E,” has been widespread despite the drug’s having been banned worldwide in 1985 by its addition to the international Convention on Psychotropic Substances. It is a derivative of the amphetamine ...
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E (astronomy)
These systems exhibit certain characteristic properties. They have complete rotational symmetry; i.e., they are figures of revolution with two equal principal axes. They have a third smaller axis that is the presumed axis of rotation. The surface brightness of ellipticals at optical wavelengths decreases monotonically outward from a maximum value at the centre, following a common mathematical......
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e (mathematics)
In 1873 Hermite published the first proof that e is a transcendental number; i.e., it is not the root of any algebraic equation with rational coefficients....
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E horizon (soil type)
...whereas the layer immediately below an A horizon that has been extensively leached (that is, slowly washed of certain contents by the action of percolating water) is given the separate designation E horizon, or zone of eluviation (from Latin ex, “out,” and lavere, “to wash”). The development ...
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“E la nave va” (film by Fellini)
...of sex and death. Such works as La città delle donne (1980; City of Women), E la nave va (1983; And the Ship Sails On), Ginger e Fred (1985; Ginger and Fred), Intervista (1987; Interview),.....
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E proposition (logic)
E:universal negativeNo A’s are B’s....
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E region (atmospheric science)
ionospheric region that extends from an altitude of 90 kilometres (60 miles) to about 160 kilometres (100 miles). As in the D region (70–90 kilometres), the ionization is primarily molecular—i.e., resulting from the splitting of neutral molecules—oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2)—into electrons and positively charged molecules...
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E ring (astronomy)
...old, suggesting that parts of the surface melted and refroze in the recent geologic past and that Enceladus may have multiple active areas. Enceladus’s current activity is responsible for Saturn’s E ring, a tenuous ring of micrometre-sized particles of water ice condensed from vapour ejected by the geysers. The particles are densest near Enceladus’s orbit and are analogous ...
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E source (biblical criticism)
biblical source and one of four that, according to the documentary hypothesis, comprise the original literary constituents of the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible. It is so called because of its use of the Hebrew term Elohim for God, and hence labelled E, in contrast with another discerned source that uses the term YHWH and is labelled J (after the German transliteration of YHWH). ...
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È stato così (work by Ginzburg)
...(1942; The Road to the City), is the story of a young peasant girl who, lured by the excitement of the city, is seduced by and marries a man she does not love. A second novella, È stato così (1947; “The Dry Heart,” in The Road to the City), also deals with an unhappy marriage; the heroine, a former teacher, explains the circumstances that......
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E Street Band (American music group)
By then, however, he was best known for his stage shows, three- and four-hour extravaganzas with his E Street Band that blended rock, folk, and soul with dramatic intensity and exuberant humour. The band, a crew of mixed stereotypes—from rock-and-roll bandit to cool music professional—was more like a gang than a musical unit, apparently held together by little other than faith in......
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e-book (computing)
Although books can be made into purely digital artifacts, “e-books” have not sold nearly as well as digital music. In part, this disparity is due to the need for an e-book reader to have a large, bright screen, which adds to the display’s cost and weight and leads to more-frequent battery replacement. Also, it is difficult to match the handy design and low cost of an old-fashi...
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E-class asteroid (astronomy)
...are very rare. Their surface material has been identified as being most consistent with a pyroxene- and olivine-rich composition analogous to the pyroxene-olivine achondrite meteorites. The E-class asteroids have the highest albedos and have spectral reflectances that match those of the enstatite achondrite meteorites. V-class asteroids have reflectance properties closely matching those......
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e-commerce (computing)
maintaining business relationships and selling information, services, and commodities by means of computer telecommunications networks....
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E-kur (ancient temple, Mesopotamia, Asia)
...bc the city probably reached the extent of the present ruins and was fortified. Later, Ur-Nammu (reigned 2112–2095 bc), first king of the 3rd dynasty of Ur, laid out Enlil’s sanctuary, the E-kur, in its present form. A ziggurat and a temple were built in an open courtyard surrounded by walls....
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e-mail (computer science)
messages transmitted and received by digital computers through a network. An e-mail system allows computer users on a network to send text, graphics, and sometimes sounds and animated images to other users....
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E-meter (instrument)
...them, Hubbard developed auditing, a one-on-one counseling process in which a counselor, or auditor, facilitates individuals’ handling of their engrams. A key aspect of this process is use of an E-meter, an instrument that measures the strength of a small electrical current that passes through the body of the person undergoing auditing. According to church teachings, E-meter readings......
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e-trading (finance)
The past few years have seen a spectacular and revolutionary development in the mechanics of stock trading—perhaps the largest change since brokers’ fees were deregulated in 1975—electronic trading, or “e-trading.” Sleek names of on-line firms like Ameritrade, Charles Schwab, and E*Trade are being bandied about more than old-line composite brok...
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E-trisomy (pathology)
human chromosomal disorder that results from an extra (third) copy of chromosome 18. Infants born with this disorder are smaller than average and usually do not survive longer than a few months. Characteristics of the syndrome include severe mental and growth retardation; congenital heart disease and other internal defects; and a multitude of bodily deformities, such as low-set ...
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e-voting (politics)
Because of security and access concerns, most large-scale electronic voting is currently held in designated precincts using special-purpose machines. This type of voting mechanism is referred to as e-voting. There are two major types of e-voting equipment: direct recording electronic (DRE) machines and optical scanning machines....
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E. coli (bacteria)
Bacteria differ widely in their ability to synthesize amino acids. Some species, such as Escherichia coli, which can grow in media supplied with only a single carbon source and ammonium salts, can make all of their amino acids from these starting materials. Other bacteria may require as many as 16 different amino acids....
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E. Luminata (work by Eltit)
...Diamela Eltit found a following mostly among academic critics for her highly experimental fiction. Her most discussed novel is Lumpérica (1983; E. Luminata); it is a text laden with stylistic games and a vague plot. With Puerto Ricans Ana Lydia Vega and Rosario Ferré, Eltit became part of an established group of women Latin......
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E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (American company)
American corporation engaged primarily in biotechnology and the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. The company was founded by Éleuthère Irénée du Pont (1771–1834) in Delaware in 1802 to produce black powder and later other explosives, which remained the company’s main products until the 20th century, when it began to make many...
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E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial (film by Spielberg [1982])
...and Donald Stewart for MissingCinematography: Ronnie Taylor and Billy Williams for GandhiArt Direction: Stuart Craig and Bob Laing for GandhiOriginal Score: John Williams for E.T. the Extra-TerrestrialOriginal Song Score and Its Adaptation or Adaptation Score: Leslie Bricusse, Henry Mancini for Victor/VictoriaOriginal Song: “Up Where We Belong” f...
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E1 (mountain, Asia)
one of the world’s highest mountains (27,890 feet [8,501] m]), consisting of three Himalayan summits on the Nepalese-Tibetan (Chinese) border just south of Mount Everest, to which it is joined by a 25,000-foot (7,600-metre) ridge. On May 18, 1956, Fritz Luchsinger and Ernest Reiss, two Swiss climbers, made the first ascent of the mountain. It is sometimes considered part of the Mount Everes...
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E1 reaction (chemistry)
...as dehydration; when both leaving atoms are hydrogen atoms, the reaction is known as dehydrogenation. Elimination reactions are also classified as E1 or E2, depending on the reaction kinetics. In an E1 reaction, the reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of the substance to be transformed; in an E2 reaction, the reaction rate is proportional to the concentrations of both the......
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E1A handset (telephone)
...Patterned after the wall-mounted telephone, they usually consisted of a separate receiver and transmitter. In 1927, however, the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) introduced the E1A handset, which employed a combined transmitter-receiver arrangement. The ringer and much of the telephone electronics remained in a separate box, on which the transmitter-receiver handle wa...
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E2 reaction (chemistry)
...molecule, usually from an alcohol, is known as dehydration; when both leaving atoms are hydrogen atoms, the reaction is known as dehydrogenation. Elimination reactions are also classified as E1 or E2, depending on the reaction kinetics. In an E1 reaction, the reaction rate is proportional to the concentration of the substance to be transformed; in an E2 reaction, the reaction rate is......
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E85 (fuel blend)
...mandated that by 2003 all new cars sold in the country had to be FlexFuel vehicles (FFVs)—vehicles certified to run on gasoline containing up to 85 percent ethanol (ethyl alcohol), marketed as E85. This initiative led numerous American, European, and Japanese manufacturers to certify some of their models as E85-compliant, which is indicated by the eighth character in the vehicle......
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E911 system
...on every person who has contact with the police. Information in the CAD database generally includes call volume, time of day, types of calls, response time, and the disposition of every call. The Enhanced 911 (E911) system, adopted in the United States, instantly identifies the number of the phone from which the call is made, as well as the name and physical address of the person who owns the.....
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E=mc2 (physics)
relationship between mass (m) and energy (E) in the special theory of relativity of Albert Einstein, embodied by the formula E = mc2, where c equals 300,000 kilometres (186,000 miles) per second—i.e., the speed of light....
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E=MC2 (album by Carey)
...than six million copies sold in the United States. It also earned three Grammy Awards, including best contemporary R&B album. Touch My Body, from the 2008 release E=MC2, became Carey’s 18th number one song, moving her past Elvis Presley on the list of career chart-topping hits and leaving her just two short of the Beatles’ re...
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E=mc2 (work by Boulle)
...de l’absurde (1953; “Stories of the Absurd”), and to science fiction, La Planète des singes (1963; Planet of the Apes; film adaptation, 1968) and E = mc2 (1957), which contains ironic but humane considerations of the fate of modern man caught in a political, social, and intellectual upheaval. Later works include Les......
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Ea (Mesopotamian deity)
Mesopotamian god of water and a member of the triad of deities completed by Anu (Sumerian: An) and Enlil. From a local deity worshiped in the city of Eridu, Ea evolved into a major god, Lord of Apsu (also spelled Abzu), the fresh waters beneath the earth (although Enki means literally “lord of the earth”). In the Sumerian myth ...
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EAA (aviation organization)
organization dedicated to supporting and promoting recreational aviation around the world. The EAA has members from more than 100 countries and more than 1,000 local chapters. Membership is open to anyone interested in aviation, but chapters must be organized as nonprofits in order to join. The EAA headquarters are located in Oshkosh, Wis....
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EAA (Kenyan political organization)
The first African political protest movement in Kenya against a white-settler-dominated government began in 1921—the East Africa Association (EAA), led by an educated young Kikuyu named Harry Thuku. Kenyatta joined the following year. One of the EAA’s main purposes was to recover Kikuyu lands lost when Kenya became a British crown colony (1920). The Africans were dispossessed, leaseh...
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EAA AirVenture Oshkosh (aviation convention)
The organization’s annual convention is held each summer in Oshkosh. In 1998 the name of the event officially changed from the EAA Fly-In Convention to the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh. Regarded as the world’s largest gathering of general aviation enthusiasts, and one of the largest conventions of any type, EAA AirVenture had an annual attendance in the early 21st century of some 500,000, ...
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EAA Fly-In Convention (aviation convention)
The organization’s annual convention is held each summer in Oshkosh. In 1998 the name of the event officially changed from the EAA Fly-In Convention to the EAA AirVenture Oshkosh. Regarded as the world’s largest gathering of general aviation enthusiasts, and one of the largest conventions of any type, EAA AirVenture had an annual attendance in the early 21st century of some 500,000, ...
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EAC (African organization)
...to recover gradually. Recovery efforts were aided in 2006, when significant debt relief was granted by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, and in 2007, when Rwanda joined the East African Community, a regional trade and development bloc....
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EAC (training centre, Cologne, Germany)
...(ESRIN), located in Frascati, Italy, which supports the ESA Information Retrieval Service and the Earthnet program, the system by which remote sensing images are retrieved and distributed, (4) the European Astronaut Centre (EAC), located in Cologne, Germany, which is a training centre, and (5) the Guiana Space Centre (CSG), located in Kourou, French Guiana, which is an ESA-sponsored space......
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Eacles imperialis (insect)
...behind its head. It eats principally walnut, hickory, and persimmon leaves. The adult has yellow-spotted, olive-gray forewings with red veins and reddish-orange hindwings with yellow markings. The imperial moth (Eacles imperialis) has yellow wings and body with purple to brown markings. The green body of the larva has a sparse covering of long white hairs, yellow horns, and a brown......
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EACSO (African organization)
...to recover gradually. Recovery efforts were aided in 2006, when significant debt relief was granted by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, and in 2007, when Rwanda joined the East African Community, a regional trade and development bloc....
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Éadan Doire (Ireland)
market town, County Offaly, Ire., on the northern edge of the Bog of Allen. The town, including the Court House, was largely built by the marquesses of Downshire in the 18th and early 19th centuries. South of the town are the ruins of Peter Blundell’s castle. There are many castles in the area, for Edenderry was located on the edge of the Pale, the medieval English enclav...
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Eadbald (king of Kent)
king of Kent, who succeeded his father Aethelberht in 616. He had not been influenced by the teaching of the Christian missionaries, and his first step on his accession was to marry his father’s widow. After his subsequent conversion by Laurentius, archbishop of Canterbury, he built a church in Canterbury dedicated to the Virgin Mary. He arranged a marriage between his sister Aethelberg and...
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Eadberht (king of Northumbria)
in Anglo-Saxon England, king of Northumbrians from 737 to 758, a strong king whose reign was regarded by the contemporary scholar and churchman Alcuin as the kingdom’s golden age....
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Eadbert (king of Northumbria)
in Anglo-Saxon England, king of Northumbrians from 737 to 758, a strong king whose reign was regarded by the contemporary scholar and churchman Alcuin as the kingdom’s golden age....
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Eadgar (king of England)
king of the Mercians and Northumbrians from 957 who became king of the West Saxons, or Wessex, in 959 and is reckoned as king of all England from that year. He was efficient and tolerant of local customs, and his reign was peaceful. He was most important as a patron of the English monastic revival....
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Eadmer (English biographer and historian)
English biographer of St. Anselm and historian whose accounts are a uniquely accurate and credible portrait of the 12th-century monastic community at Canterbury....
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Eadred (king of England)
king of the English from 946 to 955, who brought Northumbria permanently under English rule. Eadred was the son of the West Saxon king Edward the Elder (ruled 899–924) and Eadgifu, the half brother of King Athelstan (ruled 924–939), and the brother of King Edmund I (ruled 939–946). Upon Eadred’s accession to power, the Northumbrians acknowledged his overlordship, but th...
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Eadric (English noble)
Hlothere appears to have shared power with his nephew Eadric (Egbert’s son); laws still extant seem to have been issued in their joint names. A quarrel between them caused Eadric either to be banished or to flee the kingdom. He returned with an army of South Saxons, and in the ensuing battle Hlothere was defeated and mortally wounded....
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Eadric Streona (Mercian noble)
ealdorman of the Mercians, who, though a man of ignoble birth, was advanced to the revived office of ealdorman by the English king Ethelred II, whose daughter Eadgyth Eadric married....
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EADS (European consortium)
major European aerospace company that builds commercial and military aircraft, space systems, propulsion systems, missiles, and other defense products. It was formed in 2000 from the merger of three leading European aerospace firms: Aerospatiale Matra of France, DaimlerChrysler Aerospace (Dasa) of Germany, and Construcciones Aeronáuticas S.A. (CASA) of Spain. Headquarters are in Paris, Fran...
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Eads Bridge (bridge, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States)
From his knowledge of the river and of the fabrication of iron and steel, he secured, against opposition, some of it unscrupulous, a contract for a steel triple-arch bridge over the river at St. Louis, which he began on Aug. 20, 1867. Its three spans, 502, 520, and 502 feet (152, 158, and 152 m), respectively, consisted of triangularly braced 18-inch (46-centimetre) hollow steel tubes linked in......
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Eads, James B. (American engineer)
American engineer best known for his triple-arch steel bridge over the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Mo. (1874). Another project provided a year-round navigation channel for New Orleans by means of jetties (1879)....
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Eads, James Buchanan (American engineer)
American engineer best known for his triple-arch steel bridge over the Mississippi River at St. Louis, Mo. (1874). Another project provided a year-round navigation channel for New Orleans by means of jetties (1879)....
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Eadwig (king of the English)
king of the English from 955 to 957 and ruler of Wessex and Kent from 957 to 959. The eldest son of King Edmund I (ruled 939–946) and the nephew of King Eadred (ruled 946–955), he was probably no more than 15 years old at the time of his accession....
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Eagan, Eddie (American boxer and bobsledder)
American boxer and bobsledder who was the only athlete to win gold medals at both the Summer and Winter Olympics....
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Eagan, Edward Patrick Francis (American boxer and bobsledder)
American boxer and bobsledder who was the only athlete to win gold medals at both the Summer and Winter Olympics....
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Eagels, Amelia Jean (American actress)
American actress who, through force of will and personality rather than training, forged a successful career onstage and in motion pictures....
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Eagels, Jeanne (American actress)
American actress who, through force of will and personality rather than training, forged a successful career onstage and in motion pictures....
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Eagle (aircraft)
twin-engine jet fighter produced by the McDonnell Douglas Corporation of the United States. Based on a design proposed in 1969 for an air-superiority fighter, it has also been built in fighter-bomber versions. F-15s were delivered to the U.S. Air Force between 1974 and 1994; they have also been sold to U.S. allies in the Middle East and have been assembled under contract in Japan....
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eagle (bird)
any of many large, heavy-beaked, big-footed birds of prey belonging to the family Accipitridae (order Falconiformes). In general, an eagle is any bird of prey more powerful than a buteo. An eagle may resemble a vulture in build and flight characteristics but has a fully feathered (often crested) head and strong feet equipped with great curve...
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Eagle Day (German history)
...would only be possible, given Britain’s large navy, if Germany could establish control of the air in the battle zone. To this end, the Luftwaffe chief, Göring, on August 2 issued the “Eagle Day” directive, laying down a plan of attack in which a few massive blows from the air were to destroy British air power and so open the way for the amphibious invasion, termed Op...
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eagle lectern
...of St. Barthélemy in Liège). The Dinant workshops, which formed the main centre for bronze casting in the Meuse district in the Middle Ages, specialized in what are known as “eagle lecterns.” These are book stands with ornamental pedestals, with the panel supporting the enormous missals taking the form of the outspread wings of an eagle, a griffin, or a pelican. The....
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Eagle, Mount (mountain, United States Virgin Islands)
...alluvium, they rise off the continental shelf to maximum heights of 1,556 feet (474 m) at Crown Mountain on St. Thomas, 1,277 feet (389 m) at Bordeaux Mountain on St. John, and 1,088 feet (332 m) at Mount Eagle on St. Croix (the largest of the islands, with an area of 84 square miles [218 square km]). St. Thomas and St. John are very rugged, but St. Croix’s mountains are confined to the ...
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Eagle Nebula (nebula)
...extremely young open clusters. Of these, the one associated with the Orion Nebula, which is some 4 million years old, is the closest at a distance of 1,400 light-years. A still younger cluster is NGC 6611, some of the stars in which formed only a few hundred thousand years ago. At the other end of the scale, some open clusters have ages approaching those of the globular clusters. M67 in the......
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eagle owl (bird)
(Bubo bubo), bird of the family Strigidae (order Strigiformes), characterized by its large size (often 70 centimetres [about 2.3 feet] long), two tufts of feathers on the head (ear tufts), and large orange eyes. The overall coloration is tawny, mottled with brown, lighter below. The eagle owl roosts and breeds within rocky niches and hollow trees. At twilight it perches on a branch while s...
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Eagle Pass (Texas, United States)
city, seat (1856) of Maverick county, southwestern Texas, U.S., on the Rio Grande, bridged to Piedras Negras, Mexico, 130 miles (210 km) southwest of San Antonio. It evolved as a garrison town laid out as El Paso de Aguila (Spanish: “Eagle Pass”), so named for the area’s abundant birds of prey, near Camp California (on t...
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eagle ray (fish)
any of about two dozen species of exclusively marine rays constituting the family Myliobatidae (order Rajiformes), occurring in the major oceans. They have the enlarged, winglike pectoral fins characteristic of the order. Some species have a sharp-edged serrated spine at the base of the long, whiplike tail. Their teeth are flat, for crushing and grinding mollusks and crustaceans. Although they ar...
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eagle rock (dance)
...that gave rise to social forms of jazz dance developed from rural slave dances. In both early dances and 20th-century jazz dances, there is a noticeable continuity of dance elements and motions. The eagle rock and the slow drag (late 19th century) as well as the Charleston and the jitterbug have elements in common with certain Caribbean and African dances. In addition, the slow drag contributed...
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Eagle Rock (Idaho, United States)
city, seat (1911) of Bonneville county, southeastern Idaho, U.S., on the upper Snake River. Originally the territory of the Shoshone-Bannock and Northern Paiute Indians, it began as the Eagle Rock settlement at Taylor’s Ferry (1863), later Taylor’s Bridge. The town was renamed in 1890 for the low but wide (1,500 feet [460 metres]) cataract in the...
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Eaglehawk Neck (landform, Tasmania, Australia)
...Bay (west). To the north the promontory is connected to the mainland by a short isthmus, and to the south it is linked to the Tasman Peninsula by the 14-mile-wide Eaglehawk Neck....
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Eagle’s Nest Art Colony (retreat, Illinois, United States)
...with some manufacturing (chiefly farm machinery and road-building equipment). Printing and tourism also contribute to the local economy. Lowden State Park (immediately north) is the site of Eagle’s Nest Colony, a retreat used by Lorado Taft and other artists from 1898 to 1942; the 66-acre (27-hectare) tract was acquired in 1951 by Northern Illinois University for use as a field campus......
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Eagles’ Nests Trail (trail, Poland)
...and Ustroń. The limestone outcroppings of the Kraków-Częstochowa upland, with cliff-top ruins of medieval castles, are part of a much-traveled tourist route known as the Eagles’ Nests Trail. The Paulite monastic complex of Jasna Góra in Częstochowa houses a famed Roman Catholic icon, the Black Madonna, which attracts some four million pilgrims......
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Eagles, the (American music group)
American band that cultivated country rock as the reigning style and sensibility of white youth in the United States during the 1970s. The original members were Don Henley (b. July 22, 1947Gilmer, Texas, U.S.), Glenn Frey ...
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Eagleton, Thomas Francis (American politician)
American politician who agreed to run as Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern’s running mate in the 1972 election, but he was asked to step down by McGovern 18 days after he joined the ticket after it became known that he had been voluntarily hospitalized for a nervous condition and depression three times in the early 1960s and treated twice with electroshock therapy. The even...
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EAJ (political organization, Basque region)
Basque political party that supports greater autonomy for the Basque Country (including Navarre) within Spain....
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EAJ-PNV (political organization, Basque region)
Basque political party that supports greater autonomy for the Basque Country (including Navarre) within Spain....
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Eakins, Thomas (American painter)
painter who carried the tradition of 19th-century American Realism to perhaps its highest achievement. He painted mainly portraits of his friends and scenes of outdoor sports, such as swimming and boating (e.g., “Max Schmitt in a Single Scull,” 1871). Because of its frank and unsentimental nature, the work generally acknowledged as his masterpiece, “T...
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ealderman (Anglo-Saxon official)
...arrangement existing in Anglo-Saxon England from approximately ad 605. Local in character, it imposed military service upon every able-bodied free male. It was probably the duty of the ealderman, or sheriff, to call out and lead the fyrd. Fines imposed for neglecting the fyrd varied with the status of the individual, landholders receiving the heaviest fines and common labourers th...
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Ealdred (Anglo-Saxon archbishop)
Anglo-Saxon archbishop of York from 1061, played an important part in secular politics at the time of the Norman conquest and legitimized the rule of William the Conqueror (William I) by crowning him king on Christmas Day, 1066....
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Eales, John (Australian athlete)
Australian rugby union football player considered by many to be the greatest rugby player ever. Eales, who stood 6 feet 7 inches (2.01 metres) tall, was considered the archetype of the modern lock, possessing the height, strength, and skill to dominate line-outs and scrums. Eales was also a superb kicker (he often took on goal-kicking duties for Queensland and on occasion for Au...
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Ealing (borough, London, United Kingdom)
outer borough of London, part of the historic county of Middlesex, midway between central London and the western periphery. The borough was established in 1965 by the amalgamation of the former municipal boroughs of Ealing, Acton, and Southall, all in the former county of Middlesex. It includes the districts and neighbourhoods of (from west ...
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Ealing Studios (British company)
English motion-picture studio, internationally remembered for a series of witty comedies that reflected the social conditions of post-World War II Britain. Founded in 1929 by two of England’s best known producers, Basil Dean and Reginald Baker, with the financial support of the Courtauld family, manufacturers of textiles, the company opened its own distribution outlet within two years and b...
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EAM-ELAS (political organization, Greece)
communist-sponsored resistance organization (formed September 1941) and its military wing (formed December 1942), which operated in occupied Greece during World War II. Fighting against the Germans and the Italians as well as against other guerrilla bands, particularly EDES, EAM-ELAS became the most powerful guerrilla band in the country. It...
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Eames, Charles (American designer)
Charles Eames, who was also an architect, was for several years head of the experimental design department at Cranbrook Academy of Art, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. During that time (1939–41) he collaborated with the architect-designer Eero Saarinen on various design projects, one of which was a formfitting shell chair that won first place in the Organic Design Competition conducted in......
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Eames, Charles; and Eames, Ray (American designers)
American designers best known for the beauty, comfort, elegance, and delicacy of their mass-producible furniture. They also wrote books, made motion pictures, and designed exhibitions, fabrics, and industrial and consumer products....
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Eames, Emma (American opera singer)
American lyric soprano, admired for her beauty and for the technical control and dramatic expressiveness of her voice....
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Eames, Emma Hayden (American opera singer)
American lyric soprano, admired for her beauty and for the technical control and dramatic expressiveness of her voice....
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Eames, Ray (American designer)
...was a formfitting shell chair that won first place in the Organic Design Competition conducted in 1940–41 by the Museum of Modern Art, New York City. In 1940 he met and began working with Ray Kaiser, who was then studying painting with Hans Hofmann; Eames and Kaiser were married in 1941....
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Eamont (river, England, United Kingdom)
...short, swift right-bank tributaries from the great escarpment of the Pennines and longer left-bank tributaries from the Lake District and its flanking limestone hills. Its main tributary, the Eamont, entering near Penrith, collects drainage from the heart of the Lake District, including the discharge from Ullswater. Above Carlisle it receives the Irthing, which collects the drainage from......
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EAN (chemistry)
number that represents the total number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of a metal atom in a metal complex. It is composed of the metal atom’s electrons and the bonding electrons from the surrounding electron-donating atoms and molecules. Thus the effective atomic number of the cobalt atom in the complex [Co(NH3)6]3+ is 36, the sum of the num...
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EAN rule (chemistry)
The English chemist Nevil V. Sidgwick made the observation, since known as the EAN rule, that in a number of metal complexes the metal atom tends to surround itself with sufficient ligands that the resulting effective atomic number is numerically equal to the atomic number of the noble-gas element found in the same period in which the metal is situated. This rule seems to hold for most of the......
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Eanes, Antonio Ramalho (president of Portugal)
...Centre Party (conservative), and the Communist Party (founded 1921) made the strongest showings, and the Socialist leader, Mário Soares, formed a minority government. In June, General António Ramalho Eanes, who had been instrumental in preventing a radical leftist military coup in November 1975, won more than three-fifths of the valid votes cast in the presidential......
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Eanes de Zurara, Gomes (Portuguese writer)
The starting point of Henry’s career was the capture of the Moroccan city of Ceuta in 1415. According to Henry’s enthusiastic biographer, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, the three princes persuaded their still-vigorous father to undertake a campaign that would enable them to win their knightly spurs in genuine combat instead of in the mock warfare of a tournament. King John consented and, wit...
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Eanes, Gil (Portuguese explorer)
...Henry’s captains to venture farther down the Atlantic coast in search of other opportunities. Tradition has claimed that the most important achievement was the rounding of Cape Bojador in 1434 by Gil Eanes, who overcame a superstition that had previously deterred seamen. It seems, however, that this is at best an exaggeration, resulting from the vagueness of the sailing directions report...
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Eanna (ziggurat, Erech, Iraq)
The temenos (sacred enclosure) of Eanna, another ziggurat, bore witness to the attention of many powerful kings, including Ur-Nammu (reigned 2112–2095 bc), first king of the 3rd dynasty of Ur. Ur-Nammu also did much for the layout of the city, which then benefited from a Neo-Sumerian revival. Various architectural developments were associated with the Isin-Larsa period (c....
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Eannatum (king of Lagash)
Kish must have played a major role almost from the beginning. After 2500, southern Babylonian rulers, such as Mesannepada of Ur and Eannatum of Lagash, frequently called themselves king of Kish when laying claim to sovereignty over northern Babylonia. This does not agree with some recent histories in which Kish is represented as an archaic “empire.” It is more likely to have figured....
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EAR (diet)
The collective term Dietary Reference Intakes encompasses four categories of reference values. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the intake level for a nutrient at which the needs of 50 percent of the population will be met. Because the needs of the other half of the population will not be met by this amount, the EAR is increased by about 20 percent to arrive at the RDA. The RDA is the......
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