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  • Harris Treaty (Japanese-United States history)
    (July 29, 1858), agreement that secured commercial and diplomatic privileges for the United States in Japan and constituted the basis for Western economic penetration of Japan. Negotiated by Townsend Harris, first U.S. consul to Japan, it provided for the opening of five ports to U.S. trade, in addition to those opened in 1854 as a result of the Treaty of Kana...
  • Harris, Walter B. (journalist)
    ...all its remoteness, Yemen is likewise a country of great physical beauty, photogenic and picturesque, with a life and verdancy in the highlands unlike that found elsewhere on the Arabian Peninsula. Walter B. Harris, a journalist and traveler, visited Yemen in 1892. One of the first Westerners to see many parts of the country, he recounted his impressions in the book A Journey....
  • Harris, William Torrey (American educator and philosopher)
    U.S. educator, probably the most widely known public school educator and philosopher in the United States during the late 19th century....
  • Harris, William Wadé (African religious leader)
    Another prophetic movement, the Harris movement, was one of the first to receive the sanction and support of the governments of Western Africa. Its founder, William Wadé Harris, was a prophet-healer who claimed that the archangel Gabriel visited him while he was in prison for participating in a political revolt in his native Liberia. After his release Harris moved to neighbouring......
  • Harris, Wilson (Guyanan writer)
    Guyanese author noted for the broad vision and abstract complexity of his novels....
  • Harris, Zellig S. (American scholar)
    Russian-born American scholar known for his work in structural linguistics. He carried the structural linguistic ideas of Leonard Bloomfield to their furthest logical development: to discover the linear distributional relations of phonemes and morphemes....
  • Harris, Zellig Sabbetai (American scholar)
    Russian-born American scholar known for his work in structural linguistics. He carried the structural linguistic ideas of Leonard Bloomfield to their furthest logical development: to discover the linear distributional relations of phonemes and morphemes....
  • Harrisburg (Pennsylvania, United States)
    capital (1812) of Pennsylvania, U.S., and seat (1785) of Dauphin county, on the east bank of the Susquehanna River, 105 miles (169 km) west of Philadelphia. It is the hub of an urbanized area that includes Steelton, Paxtang, Penbrook, Colonial Park, Linglestown, Hershey, Middletown (in Dauphin county) an...
  • Harrisburg (Mississippi, United States)
    city, seat (1867) of Lee county, northeastern Mississippi, U.S., located 62 miles (100 km) northeast of Columbus. It is the headquarters and focal point of the Natchez Trace Parkway. In 1859 the original settlement of Harrisburg was moved 2 miles (3 km) east to the Mobile and Ohio Railroad line. The new community, Gum Pond, was later renamed...
  • Harrisburg (Illinois, United States)
    city, seat (1859) of Saline county, southern Illinois, U.S. It lies about 40 miles (65 km) east of Carbondale. It was laid out in 1853 and named in honour of James Harris, an attorney who helped establish the community. Coal mining began in 1854 and soon became Harrisburg’s chief industry. The completion of a rail link in 1872 further boosted the coal i...
  • Harrison (Arkansas, United States)
    city, seat (1869) of Boone county, northwestern Arkansas, U.S., in the Ozark Mountains on Crooked Creek, 80 miles (129 km) south of Springfield, Missouri. The Union general M. Larue Harrison laid out the town site in about 1860. The arrival in 1900 of the Missouri and North Arkansas Railway spurred development and transformed Harrison into a...
  • Harrison (Pennsylvania, United States)
    city, seat (1878) of Lackawanna county, northeastern Pennsylvania, U.S., in the Lackawanna River valley, on the western fringes of the Pocono Mountains; it is the centre of an urbanized industrial complex that includes Carbondale and Wilkes-Barre....
  • Harrison, Anna (American first lady)
    American first lady (March 4–April 4, 1841), the wife of William Henry Harrison, ninth president of the United States, and grandmother of Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president....
  • Harrison, Benjamin (president of United States)
    23rd president of the United States (1889–93), a moderate Republican who won an electoral majority while losing the popular vote by more than 100,000 to Democrat Grover Cleveland. Harrison signed into law the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), the first legislation to prohibit business combinations in restraint of trade. (For a discussion of the history and ...
  • Harrison, Caroline (American first lady)
    American first lady (1889–92), the wife of Benjamin Harrison, 23rd president of the United States. A history enthusiast, she was the first president general of the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR)....
  • Harrison, Elizabeth (American educator)
    American educator, a major force in establishing standards and a college for the training of kindergarten teachers....
  • Harrison, Francis Burton (United States governor general of Philippines)
    U.S. governor general of the Philippines (1913–21) and later adviser to Philippine presidents....
  • Harrison, Frederic (British author)
    English author who publicized the Positivism of the French sociologist Auguste Comte in Great Britain....
  • Harrison, G. Donald (American organ designer)
    English-born U.S. organ designer and builder, who designed or extensively rebuilt many of the largest and finest instruments of the 20th century....
  • Harrison, George (British musician)
    British musician, singer, and songwriter (b. Feb. 25, 1943, Liverpool, Eng.—d. Nov. 29, 2001, Los Angeles, Calif.), was the lead guitarist of the Beatles, who infused rock and roll with new depth and sophistication and became one of the most important and influential bands in the history of rock music; he later also achieved singular success as a songwriter and performer. Harrison was the y...
  • Harrison, George (Australian prospector)
    ...gold from the Jukskei River, north of what would become Johannesburg. The years that followed brought several modest strikes, but the Witwatersrand Main Reef eluded searchers until 1886, when George Harrison, an Australian prospector, chanced upon an outcropping on a farm called Langlaagte. Ironically, Harrison failed to appreciate the significance of his find: he sold his claim for......
  • Harrison, George Donald (American organ designer)
    English-born U.S. organ designer and builder, who designed or extensively rebuilt many of the largest and finest instruments of the 20th century....
  • Harrison, James (Australian engineer)
    Commercial refrigeration is believed to have been initiated by an American businessman, Alexander C. Twinning, in 1856. Shortly afterward, an Australian, James Harrison, examined the refrigerators used by Gorrie and Twinning and introduced vapour-compression refrigeration to the brewing and meat-packing industries. A somewhat more complex system was developed by Ferdinand Carré of France......
  • Harrison, James Thomas (American author)
    American novelist and poet known for his lyrical treatment of the human struggle between nature and domesticity....
  • Harrison, Jim (American author)
    American novelist and poet known for his lyrical treatment of the human struggle between nature and domesticity....
  • Harrison, John (British potter)
    ...and about 1845 the manufacture of Parian ware began. This unglazed near-white porcelain named after Parian marble had been made first in England by Copeland & Garrett (see above Britain). John Harrison of Copeland’s was hired by Norton and Fenton and brought with him a number of molds. An ironstone china called graniteware or white granite was also made....
  • Harrison, John (British horologist)
    English horologist who invented the first practical marine chronometer, which enabled navigators to compute accurately their longitude at sea....
  • Harrison, Lou Silver (American composer)
    American composer (b. May 14, 1917, Portland, Ore.—d. Feb. 2, 2003, Lafayette, Ind.), was a tireless experimenter who created memorable melodies as he fused the classical Western tradition with idioms from around the world, especially music from Asia. Elements of Navajo, Korean, Indian, Indonesian, African, medieval European, and Baroque music appeared in his four symphonies and many other ...
  • Harrison, Love Michelle (American musician and actress)
    American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and actress best known for her influential rock band Hole and for her marriage to Kurt Cobain, frontman for the alternative rock band Nirvana....
  • Harrison, Peter (British architect)
    British-American architect who became popular through his adaptations of designs by the great architects of history. As a sea captain, Harrison went to Rhode Island in 1740 and settled in Newport, where he engaged in agriculture and the rum trade. Considered an amateur architect, he depended upon plans found in printed handbooks and engraved editions of historic architects, using the plans with ou...
  • Harrison, Reginald Carey (British actor)
    English stage and film actor, best known for his portrayals of urbane, eccentric English gentlemen in sophisticated comedies and social satires....
  • Harrison, Ross Granville (American zoologist)
    American zoologist who developed the first successful animal-tissue cultures and pioneered organ-transplantation techniques....
  • Harrison, Sir Rex (British actor)
    English stage and film actor, best known for his portrayals of urbane, eccentric English gentlemen in sophisticated comedies and social satires....
  • Harrison, Thomas (English general)
    English Parliamentarian general and a leader in the Fifth Monarchy sect (men who believed in the imminent coming of Christ and were willing to rule until he came). He helped to bring about the execution of King Charles I....
  • Harrison, Tony (English writer)
    English poet, translator, dramatist, and filmmaker whose work expressed the tension between his working-class background and the formal sophistication of literary verse....
  • Harrison, Wallace K. (American architect)
    American architect best known as head of the group of architects that designed the United Nations building, New York City (1947–50)....
  • Harrison, Wallace Kirkman (American architect)
    American architect best known as head of the group of architects that designed the United Nations building, New York City (1947–50)....
  • Harrison, William Henry (president of United States)
    ninth president of the United States (1841), whose Indian campaigns, while he was a territorial governor and army officer, thrust him into the national limelight and led to his election in 1840. He was the oldest man, at age 67, ever elected president up to that time, the last president born under British rule, and the first to die in office—after only one month’s service. His grands...
  • Harris’s hawk
    Some other buteos are the following: Harris’s, or the bay-winged, hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus), a large black bird with inconspicuous brown shoulders and flashing white rump, is found in South America and northward into the southwestern United States. The broad-winged hawk (B. platypterus), a crow-sized hawk, gray-brown with a black-and-white-banded tail, is fou...
  • Harrod, James (American pioneer)
    ...32 miles (51 km) southwest of Lexington. The oldest permanent settlement west of the Alleghenies, it was founded in 1774 on the Wilderness Road as Harrodstown (later Oldtown, then Harrodsburg) by James Harrod and his pioneer group. A replica of the original fort (1776) where frontiersman Daniel Boone once lived is in nearby Old Fort Harrod State Park; the park also includes the George Rogers......
  • Harrod, Sir Henry Roy Forbes (British economist)
    British economist who pioneered the economics of dynamic growth and the field of macroeconomics....
  • Harrod, Sir Roy (British economist)
    British economist who pioneered the economics of dynamic growth and the field of macroeconomics....
  • Harrod-Domar equation (economics)
    ...output and the aggregate capital–output ratio (that is, the number of units of additional capital required to produce an additional unit of output). Mathematically, this can be expressed (the Harrod–Domar growth equation) as follows: the growth in total output (g) will be equal to the savings ratio (s) divided by the capital–output ratio (k); i.e., g =......
  • Harrods (store, London, United Kingdom)
    in London, renowned department store. It is located on Brompton Road, south of Hyde Park, in the borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Henry Charles Harrod founded it as a grocery store in 1849. The enterprise expanded in the late 1800s, and many new departments were added....
  • Harrodsburg (Kentucky, United States)
    city, seat of Mercer county, central Kentucky, U.S., near the Salt River, in the Bluegrass region, 32 miles (51 km) southwest of Lexington. The oldest permanent settlement west of the Alleghenies, it was founded in 1774 on the Wilderness Road as Harrodstown (later Oldtown, then Harrodsburg) by James Harrod and his pioneer group. A replica of...
  • Harrogate (England, United Kingdom)
    borough (district), administrative county of North Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. Harrogate town originated in the 17th century as a spa with chalybeate, sulfur, and saline springs. It originally consisted of two settlements: High Harrogate, with the Queen Hotel (1687), and Low Harrogate, where the majority of the 88 springs were eventually discovered. The Royal......
  • Harrogate (district, England, United Kingdom)
    borough (district), administrative county of North Yorkshire, historic county of Yorkshire, northern England. Harrogate town originated in the 17th century as a spa with chalybeate, sulfur, and saline springs. It originally consisted of two settlements: High Harrogate, with the Queen Hotel (1687), and Low Harrogate, where the majority of the 88 springs were ev...
  • Harrouda (work by Ben Jelloun)
    ...of poetry, Hommes sous linceul de silence (1971; “Men Under the Shroud of Silence”), was followed by Cicatrices du soleil (1972; “Scars of the Sun”). Harrouda (1973), an erotic, poetic evocation of infancy, youth, and coming to manhood in Fès and Tangier, was his first novel. It was followed by two more poetry collections, Le......
  • Harroun, Ray (American race-car driver)
    In 1911 American Ray Harroun won the first 500 in about 6 hours 42 minutes with an average speed of 74.6 miles (120.1 km) per hour; he received winnings of $14,250. By the race’s ninth decade, the winner’s average speed typically exceeded 160 miles (257 km) per hour—with single-lap speeds of some 220 miles (355 km) per hour—and earnings were roughly $1.3 million. The fi...
  • Harrow (borough, London, United Kingdom)
    outer borough of London, forming part of its northwestern perimeter, in the historic county of Middlesex. Previously a municipal borough, Harrow became a London borough in 1965. It includes (from northwest to southeast) the areas of Pinner Green, Hatch End, Stanmore, Pinner, Harrow Weald, Burnt Oak, Harrow Garden Village, Harrow (with Harrow...
  • harrow (agriculture)
    farm implement used to pulverize soil, break up crop residues, uproot weeds, and cover seed. In Neolithic times, soil was harrowed, or cultivated, with tree branches; shaped wooden harrows were used by the Egyptians and other ancient peoples, and the Romans made harrows with iron teeth....
  • harrow plow (agriculture)
    ...or more individually mounted concave disks that are inclined backward to achieve maximum depth. They are particularly adapted for use in hard, dry soils, shrubby or bushy land, or on rocky land. Disk tillers, also called harrow plows or one-way disk plows, usually consist of a gang of many disks mounted on one axle (see harrow). Used after grain harvest, they usually leave some stubble t...
  • Harrow School (school, Harrow, London, United Kingdom)
    educational institution for boys in Harrow, London. It is one of the foremost public (i.e., independent) schools of England and one of the most prestigious. Generally between 700 and 800 students reside and study there....
  • Harrsalz (mineral)
    ...or slates, as well as in the gossan (weathered capping) of sulfide ore deposits and in volcanic fumarole deposits. In older literature, alunogen and other hairlike sulfate minerals were called Haarsalz (“hair salts”). For detailed physical properties, see sulfate mineral (table)....
  • Harry and Tonto (film by Mazursky [1974])
    Other Nominees...
  • Harry of Wales, Prince (British prince)
    ...
  • Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (work by Rowling)
    ...he is actually a wizard and enrolls in the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The book received numerous awards, including the British Book Award. Succeeding volumes—Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000),...
  • Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (work by Rowling)
    ...and the Half-Blood Prince (2005)—also were best sellers, available in more than 200 countries and some 60 languages. The seventh and final installment in the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, was released in 2007. Other works include the companion books Fantastic Beasts & Where to Find Them and ......
  • Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (novel by Rowling)
    ...Award. Succeeding volumes—Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000), Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003), and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince......
  • Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (work by Rowling)
    ...of Azkaban (1999), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000), Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003), and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2005)—also were best sellers, available in more than 200 countries and some 60 languages. The seventh and final installment in the series, ......
  • Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (work by Rowling)
    ...the Chamber of Secrets (1998), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000), Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003), and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2005)—also were best sellers, available in more than 200 co...
  • Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (work by Rowling)
    Rowling’s first book in the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997; also published as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone), was an immediate success, appealing to both children (its intended audience) and adults. Featuring vivid descriptions and an imaginative story line, it followed the adventures of the unli...
  • Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (work by Rowling)
    ...and Wizardry. The book received numerous awards, including the British Book Award. Succeeding volumes—Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000), Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2003...
  • “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone” (work by Rowling)
    Rowling’s first book in the series, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997; also published as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone), was an immediate success, appealing to both children (its intended audience) and adults. Featuring vivid descriptions and an imaginative story line, it followed the adventures of the unli...
  • Harry S. Truman Dam and Reservoir (dam, Missouri, United States)
    ...caverns nearby. Lake of the Ozarks State Park includes most of the Grand Glaize arm of the lake, with 90 miles (145 km) of shoreline. Ha Ha Tonka State Park is on the Niangua arm, to the south. The Harry S. Truman Dam and Reservoir began operation in 1979 and impounds the Osage and Grand rivers to extend facilities at the lake’s western end....
  • Harry S. Truman Library and Museum
    ...opportunities are found at the Independence campuses of Graceland University, Park University, and Blue River Community College, as well as at several vocational and technical schools. The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum (1957), housing the former president’s private papers and mementos, has a Thomas Hart Benton mural, Independence and the Opening of the......
  • Harry the Minstrel (Scottish writer)
    author of the Scottish historical romance The Acts and Deeds of the Illustrious and Valiant Champion Sir William Wallace, Knight of Elderslie, which is preserved in a manuscript dated 1488. He has been traditionally identified with the Blind Harry named among others in William Dunbar’s The Lament for the Makaris (“poets”) and with a “Blin Hary” who ...
  • Harṣa (Indian emperor)
    ruler of a large empire in northern India from 606 to 647. He was a Buddhist convert in a Hindu era. His reign seemed to mark a transition from the ancient to the medieval period, when decentralized regional empires continually struggled for hegemony....
  • Harṣa Dynasty (Indian history)
    ...(ad 320), used throughout the Gupta Empire and preserved in Nepal until the 13th century. Later came the era of the Thakuri dynasty of Nepal (ad 395), founded by Aṃśuvarman; the Harṣa era (ad 606), founded by Harṣa (Harṣavardhana), long preserved also in Nepal; the western Cālukya era (ad 1075), fo...
  • Harṣacarita (work by Bāṇa)
    Harṣa is known mainly through the works of Bāṇa, whose Harṣacarita (“Deeds of Harṣa”) describes Harṣa’s early career, and of the Chinese pilgrim Hsüan-tsang, who became a personal friend of the king, though his opinions are questionable because of his strong Buddhist ties with Harṣa. Hsüan-tsang depicts the....
  • Harsanyi, John C. (American economist)
    Hungarian-American economist who shared the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics with John F. Nash and Reinhard Selten for helping to develop game theory, a branch of mathematics that attempts to analyze situations involving conflicting interests and to formulate appropriate choices and behaviours for the competitors involved....
  • Harsanyi, John Charles (American economist)
    Hungarian-American economist who shared the 1994 Nobel Prize for Economics with John F. Nash and Reinhard Selten for helping to develop game theory, a branch of mathematics that attempts to analyze situations involving conflicting interests and to formulate appropriate choices and behaviours for the competitors involved....
  • Harṣavardhana (Indian emperor)
    ruler of a large empire in northern India from 606 to 647. He was a Buddhist convert in a Hindu era. His reign seemed to mark a transition from the ancient to the medieval period, when decentralized regional empires continually struggled for hegemony....
  • Harsch, Joseph Close (American journalist)
    American newspaper and broadcast journalist who, during his 60-year career with The Christian Science Monitor, was noted for his presence at many of the period’s most historic events and for his vivid reporting of those events; Great Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II made him an honorary C.B.E. in 1965 (b. May 25, 1905, Toledo, Ohio--d. June 3, 1998, Jamestown, R.I.)....
  • Harsdörfer, Georg Philipp (German poet)
    German poet and theorist of the Baroque movement who wrote more than 47 volumes of poetry and prose and, with Johann Klaj (Clajus), founded the most famous of the numerous Baroque literary societies, the Pegnesischer Blumenorden (“Pegnitz Order of Flowers”)....
  • Harsdorff, Caspar Frederik (Danish architect)
    ...taste was introduced into Denmark and Sweden between 1750 and 1790 by French designers such as Louis Le Lorrain, Nicolas-Henri Jardin, and Louis-Jean Desprez. In Denmark, Jardin’s pupil Caspar Frederik Harsdorff built the austere royal mortuary chapel of Frederick V in Roskilde Cathedral (1774–79), while in Sweden Desprez was responsible for the Botanical Institute in Uppsala......
  • Harsdörffer, Georg Philipp (German poet)
    German poet and theorist of the Baroque movement who wrote more than 47 volumes of poetry and prose and, with Johann Klaj (Clajus), founded the most famous of the numerous Baroque literary societies, the Pegnesischer Blumenorden (“Pegnitz Order of Flowers”)....
  • Harsha (Indian emperor)
    ruler of a large empire in northern India from 606 to 647. He was a Buddhist convert in a Hindu era. His reign seemed to mark a transition from the ancient to the medieval period, when decentralized regional empires continually struggled for hegemony....
  • Harshat Mātā (temple, India)
    ...later times, when the toraṇa (gateway) and the śikhara were added. Other important temples are Harihara Nos. 1, 2, and 3 and two temples dedicated to Vishnu. The ruined Harshat Mātā temple at Ābānerī, of a slightly later date (c. 800), was erected on three stepped terraces of great size and is remarkable for the exquisite qua...
  • Harshaw, Margaret (American singer)
    American opera singer celebrated especially for her Wagnerian performances at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City for 22 seasons beginning in November 1942; singing both soprano and mezzo-soprano roles, she performed in more Wagner operas than any other singer in the history of the Met (b. 1909--d. Nov. 7, 1997)....
  • Harsusi (language)
    ...Tigré, Tigrinya, and the other Semitic languages of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and The Sudan. Modern dialects of the language include Mahrī, Shaḥrī (Eḥkalī), Ḥarsūsī, and Baṭḥarī on the Arabian shore of the Indian Ocean and Suquṭrī on Socotra. Ḥarsūsī has been influenced by Arabic......
  • Hart (district, England, United Kingdom)
    district, administrative and historic county of Hampshire, southern England. It occupies an area in the northeastern part of the county and lies south of the unitary authority of Reading. The district is drained by the Blackwater and Hart rivers, which are southerly tributaries of the Thames. Hart is generally a low-lying area of clays and gravels reaching into the most westerly...
  • Hart, Almira (American educator)
    19th-century American educator and writer who strove to raise the academic standards of education for girls....
  • Hart brothers (German critics and writers)
    brothers who, as critics and writers, were key figures of the Berlin group that introduced Naturalism into German literature....
  • Hart, Charles (British actor)
    English actor, probably the son of the actor William Hart, nephew of William Shakespeare....
  • Hart, Charley (American outlaw)
    captain of a guerrilla band irregularly attached to the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, notorious for the sacking of the free-state stronghold of Lawrence, Kan. (Aug. 21, 1863), in which at least 150 people were burned or shot to death....
  • Hart, Emily (British mistress)
    mistress of the British naval hero Admiral Horatio (afterward Viscount) Nelson....
  • Hart, Emma (American educator)
    American educator whose work in women’s education, particularly as founder of Troy Female Seminary, spurred the establishment of high schools for girls and of women’s colleges and coeducational universities....
  • Hart, John (British lexicographer)
    Spelling reformers long had a deep interest in producing English dictionaries. In 1569 one such reformer, John Hart, lamented that the “disorders and confusions” of spelling were so great that “there can be made no perfite Dictionarie nor Grammer.” But a few years later the phonetician William Bullokar promised to produce such a work and stated, “A dictionary and...
  • Hart, Johnny (American cartoonist)
    American cartoonist who created a formidable following of more than 100 million readers as the creator in 1958 of the comic strip B.C., which focused on prehistoric cave dwellers and anthropomorphic animals and plants while being laced with puns and clever satire about modern society. In an effort to expand his commentary, in 1964 Hart, together with Brant Parker, launched The Wizard of...
  • Hart, Julia Catherine Beckwith (Canadian author)
    The historical romance was the most popular form of novel. Seigneurial life in New France provided the setting for Julia Catherine Beckwith Hart’s melodramatic St. Ursula’s Convent; or, The Nun of Canada (1824) and William Kirby’s gothic tale The Golden Dog (1877), while Rosanna Leprohon’s romance Antoinette de Mirecourt; or, Secret Marry...
  • Hart, Leon (American football player)
    American football player (b. Nov. 2, 1928, Turtle Creek, Pa.—d. Sept. 24, 2002, South Bend, Ind.), in 1949 became the second of the only two linemen to have won the Heisman Trophy, the highest honour in college football. In his four seasons (1946-49) on the University of Notre Dame team, he played both offensive and defensive end for the University of Notre Dame on a squad that, while never...
  • Hart, Lorenz (American lyricist and librettist)
    U.S. song lyricist whose commercial popular songs incorporated the careful techniques and verbal refinements of serious poetry. His 25-year collaboration with the composer Richard Rodgers resulted in about 1,000 songs that range from the simple exuberance of “With a Song in My Heart” (1929) to the glib sophistication of “The Lady Is a Tramp” (1937)....
  • Hart, Marvin (American boxer)
    American boxer who was the world heavyweight champion from July 3, 1905, to February 23, 1906. Hart’s claim to the championship has not been universally accepted, although that of Tommy Burns, who defeated Hart in a title match, is not seriously challenged....
  • Hart Memorial Trophy (sports award)
    ...NHL scorer) for seven consecutive years, from the 1980–81 to the 1986–87 season, and won it again in 1989–90, 1990–91, and 1993–94. He was the first player to win the Hart Memorial Trophy, given to the most valuable player each season, for eight consecutive years (from the 1979–80 through the 1986–87 season), and he received it again in 1988...
  • Hart, Moss (American playwright)
    one of the most successful U.S. playwrights of the 20th century....
  • Hart, Nancy (American Revolution heroine)
    American Revolutionary heroine around whom gathered numerous stories of patriotic adventure and resourcefulness....
  • Hart, Nancy (Confederate spy)
    ...45 miles (72 km) east of Charleston. Founded on Peters Creek in 1824, it was named for Judge Lewis Summers, who introduced the bill that created Nicholas county. During the American Civil War, Nancy Hart, the noted Confederate spy, led an attack upon the town (July 1861), capturing a Union force and burning most of the buildings. She was later captured but escaped to Confederate lines; she......
  • Hart, Pro (Australian artist)
    Australian artist (b. May 30, 1928, Broken Hill, N.S.W., Australia—d. March 28, 2006, Broken Hill), crafted richly coloured oil and acrylic paintings, notably naive rural landscapes inspired by Australia’s Outback. Hart was a sheep farmer, miner, and self-taught painter and sculptor. He opened his own art gallery in Broken Hill, where he contributed to a wider appreciation of Outback...
  • Hart, Sir Robert, 1st Baronet (British statesman)
    Anglo-Chinese statesman employed by the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12) to direct the Chinese customs bureau and thus satisfy Western demands for an equitable Chinese tariff....
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