Skip this Advertisement

A-Z Browse

  • hat bo (Vietnamese opera)
    The classic opera, known as hat boi, hat bo, or hat tuong, is a Vietnamese adaptation of the Chinese opera long supported by kings and provincial mandarins as a court art and performed for popular audiences as well, especially in central Vietnam. The introduction of Chinese opera is......
  • hat boi (Vietnamese opera)
    The classic opera, known as hat boi, hat bo, or hat tuong, is a Vietnamese adaptation of the Chinese opera long supported by kings and provincial mandarins as a court art and performed for popular audiences as well, especially in central Vietnam. The introduction of Chinese opera is......
  • hat cheo (Vietnamese theatre)
    Vietnamese peasant theatre. It is generally (though not always) played out-of-doors in the forecourt of a village communal house. It is basically satirical in intent. Performances are given by amateur touring groups whose acting is realistic, rather than stylized. The popular theatre repertoire includes plays with historical and legendary themes, social satires, and farces. ...
  • Hat Party (political party, Sweden)
    Swedish court official, statesman, and writer who was a founder of the 18th-century parliamentary Hat Party and an influential adviser to the court of Adolf Frederick....
  • hat tuong (Vietnamese opera)
    The classic opera, known as hat boi, hat bo, or hat tuong, is a Vietnamese adaptation of the Chinese opera long supported by kings and provincial mandarins as a court art and performed for popular audiences as well, especially in central Vietnam. The introduction of Chinese opera is......
  • Hat Yai (Thailand)
    city on the Malay Peninsula, extreme southern Thailand. It has become a modern, rapidly growing commercial city by virtue of its position on the major road south to Malaysia and on the junction of the eastern and western branches of the Bangkok-Singapore railroad. It also has an international airport. Hat Yai is a centre of the rubber industry and the site of the governmental Rubber Research Centr...
  • Hata Tsutomu (prime minister of Japan)
    politician who was briefly prime minister of Japan in 1994....
  • hatamoto (Japanese vassal)
    ...one-fourth of the whole country. Of these lands, more than four million koku were under its direct control, and three million koku were distributed among the hatamoto and gokenin, the liege vassals to the bakufu. In addition, because the bakufu declared a monopoly over foreign trade and alone had the right to issue currency, it......
  • Hatano (Japan)
    city, Kanagawa ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, stretching between Tanzawa-yama (Mt. Tanzawa; north; 5,141 ft [1,567 m]) and the Hadano basin (south). It was a regional commercial centre during the Tokugawa era (1603–1867), when the cultivation of tobacco was introduced. The city is now a tobacco-trading centre, containing a processing plant of the Japanese Monopol...
  • Hatano Seiichi (Japanese scholar)
    Japanese scholar and author of pioneering works on Christianity and Western philosophy that were widely studied in Japanese universities....
  • Hatay (Turkey)
    city and Mediterranean port, southwestern Turkey, on the Gulf of Antalya. Attalia was founded as a seaport in the 2nd century bc by Attalus II, a king of Pergamum. It was bequeathed to the Romans by his successor, Attalus III. St. Paul and St. Barnabas embarked from the seaport on their evangelical mission to Antioch. The “Hadrian Gate,” a marble port...
  • Hatch Act (United States [1887])
    ...in persuading the Connecticut legislature to set up the first state agricultural research station in the United States, at Middletown. In 1887, again at his prodding, Congress passed the Hatch Act, providing funds for agricultural experiment stations in all the states. He was the first director of the Office of Experiment Stations (1888)....
  • Hatch Act (United States [1939])
    (Aug. 2, 1939; amended July 1940), measure enacted by the U.S. Congress, aimed at eliminating corrupt practices in national elections. It was sponsored by Senator Carl Hatch of New Mexico following disclosures that Works Progress Administration officials were using their positions to win votes for the Democratic Party. The Hatch Act forbade intimidation or bribery of voters and restricted politic...
  • hatched-triangle motif (design)
    ...of the Eurasian steppe. The mirrors were also of a non-Chinese type, with twin knobs placed a little off centre against a tightly composed, geometric design made up of finely hatched triangles. The hatched-triangle motif was widely diffused over the vast Eurasian continent all the way from Hallstatt in Austria to Minusinsk in the upper Yenisey River valley of Siberia. The design was apparently....
  • Hatchepsut (ruler of Egypt)
    female king of Egypt (reigned in her own right c. 1473–58 bc) who attained unprecedented power for a woman, adopting the full titles and regalia of a pharaoh....
  • Hatcher, Charles Edwin (American musician)
    American musician (b. Jan. 21, 1942, Nashville, Tenn.—d. April 2, 2003, Bramcote, Nottinghamshire, Eng.), achieved enduring popularity with his classic 1970 recording of the protest song “War,” which topped the pop charts for 13 weeks. In 1965 Starr signed with Detroit’s Ric Tic Records and released a single he had written, “Agent Double-O Soul,” which mad...
  • Hatcher, J. B. (American paleontologist)
    Another major historic site was the Lance Creek area of northeastern Wyoming, where J.B. Hatcher discovered and collected dozens of Late Cretaceous horned dinosaur remains for Marsh and for Yale College, among them the first specimens of Triceratops and Torosaurus. Marsh was aided in his work at these and other localities by the skills......
  • Hatcher, Richard G. (American politician)
    ...During World War I a sizable number of African Americans moved north to work in Gary, and by the 1930s they constituted one-sixth of Gary’s population. World War II drew many more, and in 1967 Richard G. Hatcher became one of the first African Americans to be elected mayor of a major U.S. city. Gary was the scene of a significant early-20th-century development in public education when......
  • hatchery (commercial fishing)
    Fish farming as originally practiced involved capturing immature specimens and then raising them under optimal conditions in which they were well fed and protected from predators and competitors for light and space. It was not until 1733, however, that a German farmer successfully raised fish from eggs that he had artificially obtained and fertilized. Male and female trout were collected when......
  • hatchetfish
    any member of two unrelated groups of hatchet-shaped fishes—deep-sea forms of the family Sternoptychidae or freshwater fishes of the family Gasteropelecidae....
  • Hatchett, Charles (British chemist)
    English manufacturer, chemist, and discoverer in 1801 of niobium, which he called columbium....
  • hatching (biology)
    ...maternal body, the newly formed individual emerges. The new animal is then born (ejected from the mother’s body) or hatched from the egg. The condition of the new organism at the time of birth or hatching differs in various groups of animals, and even among animals within a particular group. In sea urchins, for example, the embryo emerges soon after fertilization, in the blastula stage.....
  • hatching (drawing technique)
    technique used by draftsmen, engravers, and other artists who use mediums that do not allow blending (e.g., pen and ink) to indicate shading, modeling, and light and shade. It consists of filling in the appropriate areas with a mass of parallel lines, of varying length, the intensity of effect being achieved by the number of lines used and their proximity to one another....
  • Hatchlands (house, Surrey, England, United Kingdom)
    The first Adam interiors at Hatchlands (1758–61), Surrey, and Shardeloes (1759–61), Buckinghamshire, were still near-Palladian, but by 1761 his mature style was developing. Commissions from this time include Harewood House, Yorkshire; Croome Court, Worcestershire; Kedleston Hall, Derbyshire; Bowood House, Wiltshire; and Osterley Park, Middlesex (now in Hounslow, London)....
  • hatchment (heraldry)
    heraldic memorial to a deceased person. The word is a corruption of achievement, the correct term for the full armorial display of shield, helmet, crest, mantling, wreath, and such additaments as mottoes, supporters, coronets, and compartment as are appropriate. This kind of memorial seems to be restricted mainly to the British Isles, Belgium, and The Netherlands. I...
  • hate crime (law)
    harassment, intimidation, or physical violence that is motivated by a bias against characteristics of the victim considered integral to his social identity, such as his race, ethnicity, or religion. Some relatively broad hate-crime laws also include sexual orientation and mental or physical disability among the characteristics that define a hate crime....
  • Hatea language
    North Bahnaric language of the Mon-Khmer family, which is itself a part of the Austroasiatic stock. Sedang is spoken by some 110,000 people living in south-central Vietnam. The Tadrah language, spoken south of Sedang in the same region, may be a dialect but is usually considered a separate language. ...
  • Hatfield (England, United Kingdom)
    town, Welwyn Hatfield district, administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England, located on the old Great North Road north of London. Hatfield House, the home of the Cecil family, stands on the site of Bishop John Morton of Ely’s palace (completed 1497). A row of small Georgian dwellings remains in Fore Street in the old ...
  • Hatfield, Bobby (American singer)
    American singer (b. Aug. 10, 1940, Beaver Dam, Wis.—d. Nov. 5, 2003, Kalamazoo, Mich.), was one-half of the Righteous Brothers “blue-eyed soul” singing duo, whose 1964 recording “You’ve Lost That Lovin’ Feelin’ ” was said to have been played on the radio in the U.S. over 10 million times, more than any other song. His tenor solo ...
  • Hatfield Chase (region, England, United Kingdom)
    An experienced embankment engineer, Vermuyden was employed in 1626 by King Charles I of England to drain Hatfield Chase on the isle of Axholme, Yorkshire. Jointly financed by Dutch and English capitalists, this project was a controversial undertaking, not only for the engineering techniques used but also because it employed Dutch instead of English workmen. The fenmen, local inhabitants who......
  • Hatfield family (American family)
    two American Appalachian mountaineer families who, with their kinfolk and neighbours, engaged in a legendary feud that attracted nationwide attention in the 1880s and ’90s and prompted judicial and police actions, one of which drew an appeal up to the U.S. Supreme Court (1888)....
  • Hatfield House (historic house, England, United Kingdom)
    town, Welwyn Hatfield district, administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England, located on the old Great North Road north of London. Hatfield House, the home of the Cecil family, stands on the site of Bishop John Morton of Ely’s palace (completed 1497). A row of small Georgian dwellings remains in Fore Street in the old town. The Eight Bells Inn was reputedly the scene of one ...
  • Hatfield, Hurd (American actor)
    American actor whose long distinguished stage, screen, and television career was overshadowed by his brilliant portrayal of the handsome, aristocratic, but ultimately corrupt title character in the 1945 film version of Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray (b. Dec. 7, 1918?, New York, N.Y.--d. Dec. 25, 1998, Monktown, Ire.)....
  • Hatfield, Robert Lee (American singer)
    American singer (b. Aug. 10, 1940, Beaver Dam, Wis.—d. Nov. 5, 2003, Kalamazoo, Mich.), was one-half of the Righteous Brothers “blue-eyed soul” singing duo, whose 1964 recording “You’ve Lost That Lovin’ Feelin’ ” was said to have been played on the radio in the U.S. over 10 million times, more than any other song. His tenor solo ...
  • Hatfield, William Rukard Hurd (American actor)
    American actor whose long distinguished stage, screen, and television career was overshadowed by his brilliant portrayal of the handsome, aristocratic, but ultimately corrupt title character in the 1945 film version of Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray (b. Dec. 7, 1918?, New York, N.Y.--d. Dec. 25, 1998, Monktown, Ire.)....
  • Hatha Yoga
    school of Yoga that stresses mastery of the body as a way of attaining a state of spiritual perfection in which the mind is withdrawn from external objects. Hatha Yoga traces its origins especially to Gorakhnath, the legendary 11th-century founder of the Kanphata Yogis, but it grew out of yogic traditions dating back at least as far as ...
  • Hathaway, Anne (wife of Shakespeare)
    wife of William Shakespeare....
  • Hatherly, Ana (Portuguese poet)
    ...poets of the second half of the 20th century. A lively experimental poetry movement beginning in the 1960s promoted vanguardist theories and anthologies. It was led by E.M. de Melo e Castro, Ana Hatherly, Herberto Helder, and Alberto Pimenta. Hatherly created poetry that used graphic design as an element of composition. Pimenta’s theatrical works are marked by extravagant cultural and......
  • Hathor (Egyptian goddess)
    in ancient Egyptian religion, goddess of the sky, of women, and of fertility and love. Hathor’s worship originated in early dynastic times (3rd millennium bce). The name Hathor means “estate of Horus” and may not be her original name. Her principal animal form was that of a cow, and she was strongly associated with motherhood...
  • Hathras (India)
    city, west-central Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It lies south of Alīgarh city, with which it is connected by road and rail. It is a trade centre for agricultural products, and its industry includes cotton and oilseed milling and light manufacturing. Several colleges of Āgra University are located there. The ruins of a 19th-century fort lie to the southwest. Pop. (1991 prelim...
  • Hathwey, Agnes (wife of Shakespeare)
    wife of William Shakespeare....
  • Hatia Islands (island cluster, Bangladesh)
    cluster of islands situated in the Meghna estuary of the Padma River (Ganges [Ganga] River) delta, southeastern Bangladesh. The largest of these, South Hatia Island, is a low-lying land mass about 23 miles (37 km) long and 4–8 miles (6.5–13 km) wide. Only partially protected by embankments from sea incursions...
  • hātif (Arabian mythology)
    in Arab folklore, a mysterious nocturnal voice that is sometimes prophetic. A hātif is mentioned in the Bible (Ezekiel 21:2 and 7; Amos 7:16) as a prophet’s voice, and it seems to have presaged Muhammad’s prophetic mission. It is said that the hātif can rise from within a calf sacrificed to an idol or from the idol itself. The Bedouin believe that it most ...
  • Hatiora gaertneri (plant)
    Hatiora gaertneri (formerly Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri), popular spring-flowering cactus of the family Cactaceae, with flattened stems, grown for its bright-red blossoms that appear about Easter time in the Northern Hemisphere. The related H. rosea is the so-called dwarf Easter cactus, a diminutive plant with abundant fragrant rose-pink flowers. A period of cool temperature (10 ...
  • Hatiora rosea (plant)
    ...cactus of the family Cactaceae, with flattened stems, grown for its bright-red blossoms that appear about Easter time in the Northern Hemisphere. The related H. rosea is the so-called dwarf Easter cactus, a diminutive plant with abundant fragrant rose-pink flowers. A period of cool temperature (10 °C; about 50 °F) during winter is essential to bring on the best flower......
  • Hatoyama Ichirō (prime minister of Japan)
    one of Japan’s most important post-World War II prime ministers....
  • hatpin (ornament)
    long, ornamental pin used for decoration and for fastening a woman’s hat securely to her hair. In the late Victorian era and the beginning of the 20th century, the hatpin became a popular and important clothing accessory....
  • hatpin urchin (echinoid)
    The largest urchin (known from a single specimen) is Sperostoma giganteum of deep waters off Japan. Hatpin urchins, such as Centrostephanus longispinus of the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic, Diadema (formerly Centrechinus) setosum of the Indo-Pacific, and D. antillarum of Florida and the West Indies, have toxic spines up to 30 centimetres (12......
  • Hatra (ancient city, Iraq)
    ruined city located in the Al-Jazīrah region of present-day northern Iraq, 180 miles (290 km) northwest of Baghdad and 68 miles (110 km) southwest of Mosul. A religious and trading centre of the Parthian empire, it flourished during the 1st and 2nd centuries bc. The city survived sev...
  • Hats (political party, Sweden)
    During this period a dual-party system evolved; the parties were known by the nicknames “Nightcaps” (or “Caps”) and “Hats.” Both parties were mercantilist, but the Nightcaps were the more prudent. Up to 1738 the Nightcaps were in power. They led a most careful foreign policy so as not to provoke Russia. From 1738 to 1765 power passed to the Hats, who made....
  • Hatsa language
    ...on the point of extinction bears testimony to inexorable social, economic, linguistic, and demographic forces that continue to marginalize and consume indigenous linguistic and cultural minorities. Hadza (Hatsa), one of the East African Khoisan languages, is a remarkable exception to this, having retained its vitality through a pattern of stable bilingualism with Swahili, the dominant Bantu......
  • Hatschek’s pit (anatomy)
    The cephalochordate brain contains neurosecretory neurons that possibly are related to a structure called Hatschek’s pit, located near the brain. Hatschek’s pit appears to be related to the neural gland and hence to the vertebrate pituitary gland. Treatment of amphioxus with GnRH or luteinizing hormone (LH) reportedly stimulates the onset of spermatogenesis in male gonads. Furthermor...
  • Hatshepsut (ruler of Egypt)
    female king of Egypt (reigned in her own right c. 1473–58 bc) who attained unprecedented power for a woman, adopting the full titles and regalia of a pharaoh....
  • Hatshepsut, temple of (temple, Dayr al-Baḥrī)
    ...ancient Egyptian structures on the site, one, the funerary temple of King Mentuhotep II (built c. 1970 bce), has lost much of its superstructure. The second, the terraced temple of Queen Hatshepsut (built c. 1470 bce), was uncovered (1894–96) beneath the monastery ruins and subsequently underwent partial restoration. A fuller restoration of the t...
  • Hatsopoulos, George N. (American scientist)
    ...American chemist Irving Langmuir had developed sufficient understanding of thermionic emission to build basic devices, but little progress was made until 1956. That year another American scientist, George N. Hatsopoulos, described in detail two kinds of thermionic devices. His work led to rapid advances in thermionic power conversion....
  • Hatt-ı Hümayun (Ottoman Empire [1856])
    ...to 1861 who issued two major social and political reform edicts known as the Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane (Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber) in 1839 and the Hatt-ı Hümayun (Imperial Edict) in 1856, heralding the new era of Tanzimat (“Reorganization”)....
  • Hatta, Mohammad (Indonesian politician)
    a leader of the Indonesian independence movement who was prime minister (1948–50) and vice president (1950–56) of Indonesia....
  • Hattala, Martin (Slovak scholar)
    ...until a group led by the Protestant L’udovít Štúr (1815–56) began to write in the central Slovak dialects. The language of these writings, as modified and codified by Martin Hattala in his grammar of 1852, rapidly gained approval and was accepted as standard....
  • ḥaṭṭaʾt (Judaic ritual)
    In ancient Judaism the ḥaṭṭaʾt, or “sin offering,” was an important ritual for the expiation of certain, especially unwittingly committed, defilements. The guilty laid their hands upon the head of the sacrificial animal (an unblemished bullock or goat), thereby identifying themselves with the victim, making it their representative (but not their......
  • Háttatal (Icelandic literature)
    ...Two of the sections—Skáldskaparmál (“The Language of Poetry”), dealing with the elaborate, riddle-like kennings and circumlocutions of the skalds, and Háttatal (“A Catalog of Metres”), giving examples of 102 metres known to Snorri—are of interest chiefly to specialists in ancient Norse and Germanic literature. The......
  • Hatteras Abyssal Plain (submarine plain, Atlantic Ocean)
    submarine plain forming the floor of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. It lies east of the North American continental shelf between the southern United States and Bermuda, extending about 900 mi (1,450 km) from north to south, with an average width of 300 mi. The plain comprises the western part of the North American Basin and is separated from the Nares Abyssal Plain to the southwest by the Vema ...
  • Hatteras, Cape (cape, North Carolina, United States)
    long, narrow, curved sandbar forming a promontory on Hatteras Island, the southeasternmost point of the Outer Banks, North Carolina, U.S. Treacherous shallows to the southeast in the Atlantic Ocean long have been a danger to navigation. Much of the cape’s area is included in Cape Hatteras National Seashore....
  • Hatteras Island (island, North Carolina, United States)
    scenic coastal area situated on Bodie, Hatteras, and Ocracoke islands along the Outer Banks, eastern North Carolina, U.S. The park, the country’s first national seashore, was authorized in 1937 and established in 1953. It has a total area of 47 square miles (122 square km). The three narrow barrier islands lie between the Atlantic Ocean to the east and Pamlico Sound to the west; together wi...
  • Hatter’s Castle (work by Cronin)
    ...of mines, investigated occupational diseases in the coal industry. He opened medical practice in London in 1926 but quit because of ill health, using his leisure to write his first novel, Hatter’s Castle (1931; filmed 1941), the story of a Scottish hatmaker obsessed with the idea of the possibility of his noble birth. This book was an immediate success in Britain....
  • Hattian (ancient people)
    Hattus was the name of the city also in the language of the early inhabitants of the “Land of Hatti,” a language still little understood and not belonging to any known family. Scholars call it Hattic to distinguish it from Hittite, the name of the Indo-European official language of the Hittite kingdom. Just as in other parts of the world, the Indo-European speakers must have been......
  • Hattian language
    non-Indo-European language of ancient Anatolia. The Hattian language appears as hattili ‘in Hattian’ in Hittite cuneiform texts. Called Proto-Hittite by some, Hattian was the language of the linguistic substratum inside the Halys River (now called the Kızıl River) bend and in more-northerly regions. I...
  • Hattian religion
    ...the south and west, and the Palaians in the north were speakers of related Indo-European languages. In the southeast were the Hurrians, comparatively late arrivals from the region of Lake Urmia. The Hattians, whose language appears to have become extinct, were most probably the earliest inhabitants of the kingdom of Hatti itself....
  • Hattic language
    non-Indo-European language of ancient Anatolia. The Hattian language appears as hattili ‘in Hattian’ in Hittite cuneiform texts. Called Proto-Hittite by some, Hattian was the language of the linguistic substratum inside the Halys River (now called the Kızıl River) bend and in more-northerly regions. I...
  • Hattiesburg (Mississippi, United States)
    city, seat (1908) of Forrest county, southeastern Mississippi, U.S., on the Leaf and Bouie rivers, 70 miles (113 km) north of Gulfport. The city, in a longleaf-pine forest area, was founded in 1882 by Captain William H. Hardy, lumberman and engineer, who named it for his wife (it was previously known as Twin Forks and Gordonville). The arrival of railroads in ...
  • Ḥaṭṭīn, Battle of (Middle Eastern history)
    (July 4, 1187), battle in northern Palestine that marked the defeat and annihilation of the Christian Crusader armies of Guy de Lusignan, king of Jerusalem (reigned 1186–92), by the Muslim forces of Saladin. It paved the way for the Muslim reconquest of the city of Jerusalem (October 1187) and of the greater part of the three Latin States—Tripoli, Antioch, and Jeru...
  • Hattina (ancient city, Turkey)
    ...conquered Arpad, and a large group of princes, among them the kings of Kummuhu, Que, Carchemish (where a King Pisiris reigned), and Gurgum, offered their submission to the Assyrians. King Tutammu of Patina, who had been strategically safe as long as Arpad had not been conquered, also was defeated and his land turned into an Assyrian province. In 738 Samal, Milid, Kaska, Tabal, and Tuwanuwa......
  • Hatto I (archbishop of Mainz)
    archbishop of Mainz and counsellor to the German king Arnulf of Bavaria, the last East Frankish Carolingian emperor; as regent for Arnulf’s son Louis the Child (900–911), he governed the German kingdom for the last member of the East Frankish Carolingian dynasty....
  • Hatton, John Liptrot (British composer)
    composer of light music, operas, and songs, popular in England in the 19th century. An accomplished singer and pianist as well as a theatre composer and conductor, he produced operettas and operas at Drury Lane Theatre and Covent Garden and was musical director at the Princess’s Theatre. Of his many tuneful songs, “Simon the Cellarer” and “To Anthea” were especia...
  • Hatton, Ragnhild Marie Hanssen (Norwegian historian)
    Norwegian historian and author of important biographical studies of Kings Charles XII of Sweden, Louis XIV of France, and George I of England (b. Feb. 10, 1913--d. May 16, 1995)....
  • Hatton, Sir Christopher (English noble)
    favourite of Queen Elizabeth I and lord chancellor of England from 1587 to 1591....
  • Hattusa (Turkey)
    village, north-central Turkey. Located 17 miles (27 km) northwest of Yozgat, it is the site of the archaeological remains of Hattusas (Hattusa, Hattusha, or Khattusas), the ancient capital of the Hittites, who established a powerful empire in Anatolia and northern Syria in the 2nd millennium bc....
  • Hattusas (Turkey)
    village, north-central Turkey. Located 17 miles (27 km) northwest of Yozgat, it is the site of the archaeological remains of Hattusas (Hattusa, Hattusha, or Khattusas), the ancient capital of the Hittites, who established a powerful empire in Anatolia and northern Syria in the 2nd millennium bc....
  • Hattusha (Turkey)
    village, north-central Turkey. Located 17 miles (27 km) northwest of Yozgat, it is the site of the archaeological remains of Hattusas (Hattusa, Hattusha, or Khattusas), the ancient capital of the Hittites, who established a powerful empire in Anatolia and northern Syria in the 2nd millennium bc....
  • Hattusilis I (Hittite king)
    (reigned c. 1650–c. 1620 bc), early king of the Hittite Old Kingdom in Anatolia....
  • Hattusilis III (Hittite king)
    Hittite king during the New Kingdom (reigned c. 1286–c. 1265 bc); he came to power by overthrowing his nephew Urhi-Teshub (Mursilis III)....
  • ḥatuna (Jewish marriage rite)
    ...Many Conservative and Reform congregations have instituted a similar ceremony, called the bat mitzvah, to celebrate the coming-of-age of girls. Marriage (ḥatuna, also qiddushin, “sanctifications”) involves a double ceremony, performed together in modern times but separated in......
  • haty (ancient Egyptian religion)
    The anatomical heart was the haty, the word ib referring to the heart as a metaphysical entity embodying not only thought, intelligence, memory, and wisdom, but also bravery, sadness, and love. It was the heart in its sense of ib that was weighed in the famous judgment scene depicted in the Ani papyrus and elsewhere. After the deceased had enumerated the......
  • Hatzfeld, Adolphe (French linguist)
    ...on the Formation of Words . . .”) and La Vie des mots . . . (1887; The Life of Words . . .). He collaborated with the French linguists Adolphe Hatzfeld and Antoine Thomas on the preparation of Dictionnaire général de la langue française . . . 2 vol. (1890–1900; “General....
  • Hatzfeldt, Melchior, Graf von Gleichen und (German field marshal)
    a field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48). Though active in every theatre of war, he proved no match for the leading Protestant generals....
  • Hatzfeldt, Sophie (German countess)
    In 1846, in Düsseldorf, he met the unhappily married countess Sophie Hatzfeldt, who was trying to divorce her husband. Although not a lawyer, Lassalle conducted 35 lawsuits in her behalf and in 1854 finally obtained a divorce for her. Henceforth, he received an annual pension of 4,000 thalers from the countess, thus becoming financially independent. His lifelong relationship with the......
  • Hatzidakis, George (Greek linguist)
    the first and most important linguist of modern Greece, noted for his studies of ancient, medieval, and modern Greek and for his initiation of the Historical Lexicon of the Greek Language....
  • Hatzidakis, Gēorgios N. (Greek linguist)
    the first and most important linguist of modern Greece, noted for his studies of ancient, medieval, and modern Greek and for his initiation of the Historical Lexicon of the Greek Language....
  • Hau Giang River (river, Vietnam)
    ...of straw mats. It is served by the Rach Gia, a canal that predates the French colonial period and from which the city probably derives its present name. The canal links the port with the Hau Giang (Bassac) River, which is a major branch of the lower Mekong River. The city has a hospital and a commercial airport. Cultural features include a pagoda built under the emperor Gia Long and a Cambodian...
  • Hau, Lene Vestergaard (Danish scientist)
    In 2001 Danish scientist Lene Vestergaard Hau became one of the all-time most prominent women physicists when the journal Nature published a paper in which Hau and a team of physicists at the Rowland Institute for Science in Cambridge, Mass., described how they had sent a pulse of laser light into a tiny cloud of extremely cold gas, halted the light, stored it for a fraction of a second, an...
  • Hauben, Lawrence (American actor and writer)
    Original Screenplay: Frank Pierson for Dog Day AfternoonAdapted Screenplay: Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman for One Flew over the Cuckoo’s NestCinematography: John Alcott for Barry LyndonArt Direction: Ken Adam and Roy Walker for Barry LyndonOriginal Score:......
  • hauberk (armour)
    ...hauberk, which was a later version of the Saxon byrnie that was split to permit the wearer to sit astride his horse. Though 11th-century men-at-arms probably did not have complete mail trousers, the hauberk apparently had inserts of cloth or leather, giving the same effect. It also included a hoodlike garment of mail worn over the head to protect the neck and throat; this had a hole for the fac...
  • Hauch, Johannes Carsten (Danish author)
    Danish poet, dramatist, and novelist whose works expressed his high moral seriousness and tragic outlook....
  • Haud Plateau (plateau, East Africa)
    plateau sloping southeastward and spanning the northern Ethiopian-Somali border, southeast of the northern Somalian highlands. It covers an area of about 25,000 square miles (64,750 square km) and slopes from about 4,000 feet (1,220 m) in the northwest to about 1,500 feet (450 m) in the southeast. It is a vast savanna of varying fertility and is a major wet-season grazing area for herds of camels,...
  • hauda (carriage)
    Camel saddles, also an ancient device, were contrived to accommodate the animal’s hump or humps. Elephant saddles are proportionately large and resemble canopied pavilions. They are usually called howdahs (Hindi: hauda)....
  • Hauer, Barbara (American patriot)
    American patriot whose purported act of defiant loyalty to the North during the American Civil War became highly embellished legend and the subject of literary treatment....
  • Hauer, Josef (Austrian composer)
    ...composition. The Austrian-born composer Arnold Schoenberg is credited with the invention of this technique, although other composers (e.g., the American composer Charles Ives and the Austrian Josef Hauer) anticipated Schoenberg’s invention by writing music that in a few respects was similar technically to his 12-tone music....
  • haufe (military formation)
    ...French chivalry at Courtrai in 1302. Subsequently they became the specialty of the Swiss, who, for topographical and economic reasons, never had much use for horses and knightly trappings. A Haufe (German: “heap”) of Swiss infantry had much in common with a Macedonian phalanx, except that it was smaller and more maneuverable. Most of the troops seem to have been lightly......
  • Häufebecher (metalwork)
    (German: “stacking cup”), beaker, usually of silver, that is part of a set that can be stacked or piled up. Pieces are made so that the base of one fits into the bowl of another. Each beaker has a deep, straight-sided bowl—often engraved with a hunting scene—a small foot, and a narrow raised band around the centre of the body. When beakers of this type were made in set...
  • Haufendörfer (German village)
    The most striking feature of the rural settlement pattern in western Germany is probably the concentration of farmyards into extremely large villages, known as Haufendörfer. These villages are surrounded by unenclosed fields divided into often hundreds of striplike units. The Haufendorf is particularly......
  • Hauff, Wilhelm (German writer)
    German poet and novelist best known for his fairy tales....
Skip this Advertisement

Link to this article and share the full text with the readers of your Web site or blog-post.

If you think a reference to this article on "" will enhance your Web site, blog-post, or any other web-content, then feel free to link to this article, and your readers will gain full access to the full article, even if they do not subscribe to our service.

You may want to use the HTML code fragment provided below.

copy link

We welcome your comments. Any revisions or updates suggested for this article will be reviewed by our editorial staff. Contact us here.

Regular users of Britannica may notice that this comments feature is less robust than in the past. This is only temporary, while we make the transition to a dramatically new and richer site. The functionality of the system will be restored soon.

The Britannica Store
A-Z Browse

Image preview