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  • hagiology (religious study and literature)
    the body of literature describing the lives and veneration of the Christian saints. The literature of hagiography embraces acts of the martyrs (i.e., accounts of their trials and deaths); biographies of saintly monks, bishops, princes, or virgins; and accounts of miracles connected with saints’ tombs, relics, icons, or statues....
  • Hagios Elias (mountain, Greece)
    ...range, which is the highest mountain chain in the Peloponnese, consists of a narrow ridge of crystalline rock trending north-south for about 100 miles (160 km). The range’s highest peak is Hagios Elias (Saint Elijah); at its summit is a chapel dedicated to the prophet, where an annual festival in his honour is held every August. In the region the chief economic activities are......
  • hagioscope (architecture)
    in architecture, any opening, usually oblique, cut through a wall or a pier in the chancel of a church to enable the congregation—in transepts or chapels, from which the altar would not otherwise be visible—to witness the elevation of the host (the eucharistic bread) during mass. Similar openings are sometimes furnished to enable an attendant to see the altar in order to ring a small...
  • Hagiwara Sakutarō (Japanese poet)
    poet who is considered the father of free verse in Japanese....
  • Hagler, Marvelous Marvin (American boxer)
    American boxer, a durable middleweight champion, who was one of the greatest fighters of the 1970s and ’80s....
  • Hagler, Marvin (American boxer)
    American boxer, a durable middleweight champion, who was one of the greatest fighters of the 1970s and ’80s....
  • Hagley Museum and Library (museum and library, Wilmington, Delaware, United States)
    Two major museums are located in the outskirts of Wilmington. The Winterthur Museum is noted for its collection of American decorative arts, which are displayed in authentic period rooms. The Hagley Museum and Library portrays the development of American manufacturing through preservation of the early mills and other structures of the DuPont company, as well as by indoor exhibits. Other notable......
  • Hague Agreement (Netherlands-Indonesia [1949])
    (Nov. 2, 1949), treaty between The Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia that attempted to bring to an end the Dutch-Indonesian conflict that followed the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945. After prolonged disagreement over its provisions, the treaty was revoked in 1956....
  • Hague Alliance (European history)
    ...found little difficulty in engineering an alliance involving France, England, Savoy, Sweden, and Denmark that was dedicated to the restoration of Frederick to his forfeited lands and titles (the Hague Alliance, Dec. 9, 1624). Its leader was Christian IV of Denmark (1588–1648), one of the richest rulers in Christendom, who saw a chance to extend his influence in northern Germany under......
  • Hague Conference on Private International Law (international agreement)
    ...used the parties’ domicile (narrowly defined). In civil-law countries, by contrast, a person’s nationality was until recently the most important connecting factor. Because of the influence of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, however, the reference is now more commonly to the law of a person’s “habitual residence” (as it is in the law of juris...
  • Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters (international agreement)
    ...bilaterally, either on the basis of express agreements or as a matter of practice, in aiding each other’s courts to effect service on the defendant. A very effective multilateral mechanism is the Hague Convention on the Service Abroad of Judicial and Extrajudicial Documents in Civil or Commercial Matters, to which some 50 countries, including the United States, China, Russia, and all the...
  • Hague Convention, The (1970, air law)
    ...the passengers and crew to continue their journey, and to return the aircraft and its cargo to those lawfully entitled to possession. In response to a wave of hijackings that began in 1968, the 1970 Hague Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft was concluded in an effort to prevent hijackers from finding immunity in any of the contracting states....
  • Hague Conventions (1899, 1907)
    any of a series of international treaties that issued from international conferences held at The Hague in The Netherlands in 1899 and 1907....
  • Hague, Frank (American politician)
    ...by strong county leaders who drew their power from the patronage and contracts that they dispensed through control of the municipal courthouse or city hall. The most notorious of those bosses was Frank Hague, who ruled Jersey City and Hudson county from 1917 to 1947. For three decades Hague dominated the Democratic Party and heavily influenced the Republicans. His philosophy of government was.....
  • Hague Peace Conferences (1899, 1907)
    any of a series of international treaties that issued from international conferences held at The Hague in The Netherlands in 1899 and 1907....
  • Hague, Raoul (Turkish-American sculptor)
    The segmented torso, popular with Arp, Laurens, and Picasso earlier, continued to be reinterpreted by Alberto Viani, Bernard Heiliger, Karl Hartung, and Raoul Hague. The emphasis of these sculptors was upon more subtle, sensuous joinings that created self-enclosing surfaces. Viani’s work, for example, does not glorify body culture or suggest macrocosmic affinities as does an ideally......
  • Hague Rules (maritime law)
    in maritime law, international code defining the rights and liabilities of a carrier. Introduced at the International Law Association meeting in Brussels in 1921, they were adopted first as clauses in bills of lading and after 1923 as the Brussels Convention on Limitation of Liability....
  • Hague Rules of Aerial Warfare (1923)
    ...territory as a base of operations or engage in hostilities therein. This right applies not only to neutral territory and water but extends to air space above that territory as well. Under the Hague Rules of Air Warfare, 1923 (which never became legally binding), neutrals have the right to defend their air space from passage of belligerent aircraft. The emergence of ballistic missiles and......
  • Hague school (art)
    Dutch painters who worked in The Hague between 1860 and 1900, producing renderings of local landscapes and the daily activities of local fisherman and farmers in the style of Realism. In this they extended the traditional focus on genre of the 17th-century Dutch masters with the fresh observation of their contemporary French counterparts, the Barbizon school. The group included ...
  • Hague, The (The Netherlands)
    seat of government of The Netherlands. It is situated on a coastal plain 4 miles (6 km) from the North Sea. The Hague is the administrative capital of the country and the home of the court and government, though Amsterdam is the official capital....
  • Hague, Treaty of The (European history)
    ...side. Appointed head of the chancellery in 1680, Oxenstierna soon assumed control of Sweden’s foreign affairs. By negotiating an alliance with the Netherlands and the Holy Roman emperor in the Treaty of The Hague (1681), he reversed Sweden’s long-standing policy of alliance with France....
  • Hague, William Jefferson (British politician)
    On June 19, 1997, 36-year-old William Hague became the youngest leader of a major political party in the United Kingdom in 200 years. As the new leader of the Conservative Party, he embarked immediately on radical changes designed to reverse the fortunes of a party that had just suffered its worst election defeat since 1906....
  • Haguenau (France)
    town, Bas-Rhin département, Alsace région, northeastern France. It lies along the Moder River just south of the Forest of Haguenau, north of Strasbourg. The town developed in the 12th century around a castle on an island in the river and was a favourite residence of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick I. In 1257 Haguenau was made an imperial city. In th...
  • Hahn, Archie (American athlete)
    American runner who won gold medals in three sprint events at the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis, Missouri....
  • Hahn, Charles Archibald (American athlete)
    American runner who won gold medals in three sprint events at the 1904 Olympic Games in St. Louis, Missouri....
  • Hahn, Hans (German mathematician)
    A first generation of 20th-century Viennese Positivists began its activities, strongly influenced by Mach, around 1907. Notable among them were a physicist, Philipp Frank, mathematicians Hans Hahn and Richard von Mises, and an economist and sociologist, Otto Neurath. This small group was also active during the 1920s in the Vienna Circle of Logical Positivists, a seminal discussion group of......
  • Hahn, Helena Petrovna (Russian spiritualist)
    Russian spiritualist, author, and cofounder of the Theosophical Society to promote theosophy, a pantheistic philosophical-religious system....
  • Hahn, Otto (German chemist)
    German chemist who, with the radiochemist Fritz Strassmann, is credited with the discovery of nuclear fission. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1944 and shared the Enrico Fermi Award in 1966 with Strassmann and Lise Meitner....
  • Hahn, Reynaldo (French composer)
    Venezuelan-born French composer, remembered chiefly for his art songs....
  • Hahn-Hahn, Ida Marie Luise Gustave, Grafin von (German writer)
    German author of poetry, travel books, and novels that, though written in an artificial, aristocratic style, often show acute psychological insight....
  • Hahnemann, Christian Friedrich Samuel (German physician)
    German physician, founder of the system of therapeutics known as homeopathy....
  • Hahnemann, Samuel (German physician)
    German physician, founder of the system of therapeutics known as homeopathy....
  • hahnium (chemical element)
    an artificially produced radioactive transuranium element in Group Vb of the periodic table, atomic number 105. The discovery of dubnium (element 105), like that of rutherfordium (element 104), has been a matter of dispute between Soviet and American scientists. The Soviets may have synthesized a few atoms of element 105 in 1967 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dub...
  • Hai (Jewish scholar)
    last outstanding Babylonian gaon, or head, of a great Talmudic academy, remembered for the range and profundity of the exceptionally large number of responsa (authoritative answers to questions concerning interpretation of Jewish law) he wrote....
  • Hai ben Sherira (Jewish scholar)
    last outstanding Babylonian gaon, or head, of a great Talmudic academy, remembered for the range and profundity of the exceptionally large number of responsa (authoritative answers to questions concerning interpretation of Jewish law) he wrote....
  • Hai Duong (Vietnam)
    town, northern Vietnam. The town is located along the Thai Binh River in the Red River delta. It lies on the Haiphong railway about midway between Haiphong and Hanoi and is a market centre for a rich rice-growing region; litchi, watermelons, jute, rushes, potatoes, and tomatoes are also raised in the area. Hai Duong stands in one of the most densely populated and intensively cultivated areas of t...
  • Hai He shuixi (river system, China)
    extensive system of tributary streams in northern China that discharge into the sea through the Hai River. The name Hai properly belongs only to the short river that flows from Tianjin into the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli) at Tanggu, a distance of some 43 miles (70 km). The system has a drainage area of about 80,500 square miles (208,500 square k...
  • Hai Ho shui-hsi (river system, China)
    extensive system of tributary streams in northern China that discharge into the sea through the Hai River. The name Hai properly belongs only to the short river that flows from Tianjin into the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli) at Tanggu, a distance of some 43 miles (70 km). The system has a drainage area of about 80,500 square miles (208,500 square k...
  • Hai Phong (Vietnam)
    city, northern Vietnam. It lies on the northeastern edge of the Red River delta, beside a distributary of the Thai Binh River, 10 miles (16 km) from the Gulf of Tonkin. It is the outport of the capital, Hanoi, 37 miles (60 km) west, and is the country’s third largest city. Haiphong became a seaport in 1874, and through the French colonial period it developed commercially as a port and as th...
  • Hai River system (river system, China)
    extensive system of tributary streams in northern China that discharge into the sea through the Hai River. The name Hai properly belongs only to the short river that flows from Tianjin into the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli) at Tanggu, a distance of some 43 miles (70 km). The system has a drainage area of about 80,500 square miles (208,500 square k...
  • Hai Rui Dismissed From Office (play by Wu Han)
    The group came into prominence in 1965 when Wu Han’s play Hai Rui Dismissed from Office was banned as a direct result of an investigation by Jiang into its political character, which resulted in a published denunciation of the play by Yao. This case set a precedent for radicalizing the arts and, in effect, signaled the beginning of the Cultural Revolution....
  • Hai San (Chinese secret society)
    Chinese secret society that was influential in commerce and tin mining in 19th-century Malaya. The Hai San had its origins in southern China and was transmitted to Malaya by immigrant labourers. Cantonese originally dominated the society, but, between 1845 and 1860, Hakka immigrants gained preeminence. The society itself was a semilegal organization, internally controlled by im...
  • Hai Thu (Vietnamese patriot)
    dominant personality of early Vietnamese resistance movements, whose impassioned writings and tireless schemes for independence earned him the reverence of his people as one of Vietnam’s greatest patriots....
  • Hai-k’ou (China)
    city and capital of Hainan sheng (province), southern China. It is situated on the north coast of Hainan Island, facing the Leizhou Peninsula, across the Hainan (Qiongzhou) Strait (9.5 miles [15 km] wide). Haikou originally grew up as the port for Qiongshan, the ancient administrative capital of Hainan...
  • Hai-kuo t’u-chih (work by Wei Yuan)
    In 1844 Wei published his best-known work, the Haiguo tuzhi (“Illustrated Gazetteer of the Countries Overseas”), on the geography and material conditions of foreign nations. Although handicapped by the ignorance and superstition with which the Chinese viewed the West, this work was the first to make use of translations from Western sources. Wei proposed that....
  • Hai-la-erh (China)
    city, northeastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. It lies on the south bank of the Hailar River, at its junction with the Yimin River. Since 2001 Hailar has served as the urban district of the newly created Hulunbuir city....
  • Hai-nan (province and island, China)
    sheng (province) of China. The province, whose name means “South of the Sea,” is coextensive with Hai-nan Island. Hai-nan is located in the South China Sea, separated from Kwangtung’s Lei-chou Peninsula to the north by a shallow and narrow strait. It is the southernmost province of China and, with an area of about 13,200 square miles (34,300 ...
  • Hai-nan Tao (province and island, China)
    sheng (province) of China. The province, whose name means “South of the Sea,” is coextensive with Hai-nan Island. Hai-nan is located in the South China Sea, separated from Kwangtung’s Lei-chou Peninsula to the north by a shallow and narrow strait. It is the southernmost province of China and, with an area of about 13,200 square miles (34,300 ...
  • Haia (god)
    The Sumerian Ninlil was a grain goddess, known as the Varicoloured Ear (of barley). She was the daughter of Haia, god of the stores, and Ninshebargunu (or Nidaba). The myth recounting the rape of Ninlil by her consort, the wind god Enlil, reflects the life cycle of grain: Enlil, who saw Ninlil bathing in a canal, raped and impregnated her. For his crime he was banished to the underworld, but......
  • Haida (people)
    Haida-speaking North American Indians of what are now the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Can., and the southern part of Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, U.S. The Alaskan Haida are called Kaigani. Haida culture is related to the cultures of the neighbouring Tlingit and Tsimshian....
  • Haida language
    ...Cook Inlet in Alaska; in two isolated areas of the Pacific coast (southwestern Oregon and northern California); and in the southwestern United States (mostly in New Mexico and Arizona). Tlingit and Haida are each single languages making up separate families; they are spoken, respectively, in southeastern Alaska and British Columbia. The major language of the Na-Dené group is Navajo,......
  • Haidalla, Mohamed Khouna Ould (president of Mauritania)
    ...Front in August in an effort to disentangle itself from Western Sahara. This worsened relations with Morocco. Louly was in turn replaced in January 1980 by the prime minister, Lieutenant Colonel Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla. In December 1984 Colonel Maaouya Ould Sidi Ahmed Taya took over the presidency and the office of prime minister from Haidalla in a bloodless coup, and Mauritania renewed......
  • Ḥaidar ʿAlī (emperor of India)
    Muslim ruler of Mysore and military commander who played an important part in the wars in southern India in the mid-18th century....
  • Ḥaidar ʿAlī Khān (emperor of India)
    Muslim ruler of Mysore and military commander who played an important part in the wars in southern India in the mid-18th century....
  • Haidari, Buland al- (Iraqi poet)
    Kurdish Iraqi poet who was a pioneer of free verse in the 1950s. His realistic verse, which helped modernize Arabic poetry, often ran afoul of the Iraqi government, and he spent much of his adult life in exile. Haidari’s last anthology was published just days before his death (b. Sept. 26, 1926--d. Aug. 6, 1996)....
  • haiden (Japanese religious architecture)
    ...where religious rites are performed by the priests; here are offered the prayers which “call down” the kami (deity, or sacred power) and subsequently send it away; and (3) the haiden (hall of worship), where the devotees worship and offer prayers. Large shrines may have additional structures, such as the kagura-den (stage for ceremonial dance), shamusho...
  • Haiden, Hans (German artisan)
    ...several diagrams in the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519). Some apparently highly successful ones (none of which, unfortunately, has survived) were made by the Nürnberg builder Hans Haiden, who described them at length in pamphlets published in 1605 and 1610. These instruments had a series of rosined wheels that rubbed the strings when they were drawn against them by the....
  • Haider, Jörg (Austrian politician)
    controversial Austrian politician who served as leader of the far-right Freedom Party of Austria (1986–2000) and Alliance for the Future of Austria (2005–08) and as governor of the state of Kärnten (1989–91; 1999–2008)....
  • haiduk (Balkan guerrilla-outlaw)
    ...reaya; in addition, individuals accused of crimes or protesting injustice would characteristically head for the hills or forests to live the life of the haiduk, or outlaw. Both of these forms of resistance increased from the 17th century, when the territorial expansion of the Ottoman Empire was reversed and Ottoman warriors withdrawin...
  • Haidushki Kopneniya (work by Yavorov)
    ...include the plays V Polite na Vitosha (1911) and Kogato Gram Udari (1912); a biography of the Macedonian leader Gotse Delchev; and a book of reminiscences of his fighting days, Haidushki Kopneniya (1908)....
  • Haier, Richard (psychologist)
    ...are particularly notable in those areas responsible for close concentration, spontaneous alertness, and the encoding of new information. Using positron emission tomography (PET), the psychologist Richard Haier found that people who perform better on conventional intelligence tests often show less activation in relevant portions of the brain than do those who perform less well. In addition,......
  • Haieren
    language that forms a separate branch of the Indo-European language family; it was once erroneously considered a dialect of Iranian. In the early 21st century the Armenian language is spoken by some 6.7 million individuals. The majority (about 3.4 million) of these live in Armenia, and most of the remainder live in Georgia and Russia. More t...
  • Haifa (Israel)
    city, northwestern Israel. The principal port of the country, it lies along the Bay of Haifa overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. Haifa is first mentioned in the Talmud (c. 1st–4th century ce). Eusebius, the early Christian theologian and biblical topographer, referred to it as Sykaminos. The town was conquered in 1100 by the Crusaders, who called it Caiphas. In later tim...
  • Haig, Douglas Haig, 1st Earl, Viscount Dawick, Baron Haig of Bemersyde (British military leader)
    British field marshal, commander in chief of the British forces in France during most of World War I. His strategy of attrition (tautly summarized as “kill more Germans”) resulted in enormous numbers of British casualties but little immediate gain in 1916–17 and made him a subject of controversy....
  • Haig, The (American golfer)
    American professional golfer, one of the most colourful sports personages of his time, who is credited with doing more than any other golfer to raise the social standing of his profession. He was exceptionally self-confident; he dressed stylishly, lived extravagantly, played more than 2,500 exhibition matches throughout the world, and always insisted that he be received as a gentleman, a concessio...
  • Haig-Simons definition of income (economics)
    ...accurate measure of taxpaying ability depends on how income is defined. The only definition that has been found to be completely consistent and free from anomalies and capricious results is “accrued income,” which is the money value of the goods and services consumed by the taxpayer plus or minus any change in net worth during a given period of time. (Tax experts commonly call thi...
  • Haight, the (district, San Francisco, California, United States)
    district within the city of San Francisco, California, U.S., adjacent to Golden Gate Park. The district became famous as a bohemian enclave in the 1950s and ’60s and was the centre of a large African American population. By the mid-1960s the district was becoming a centre of the hippie counterculture, and in 1967 tens of thousands of ...
  • Haight-Ashbury (district, San Francisco, California, United States)
    district within the city of San Francisco, California, U.S., adjacent to Golden Gate Park. The district became famous as a bohemian enclave in the 1950s and ’60s and was the centre of a large African American population. By the mid-1960s the district was becoming a centre of the hippie counterculture, and in 1967 tens of thousands of ...
  • Haightville (Illinois, United States)
    city, seat (1836) of Winnebago county, northern Illinois, U.S. It lies on the Rock River, about 90 miles (145 km) northwest of Chicago. Rockford was founded by New Englanders in 1834 as separate settlements (commonly known as Kentville and Haightville, for the founders of each) on each side of the river and originally called Midway (halfway ...
  • haigon (Japanese language)
    ...haikai were distinguishable from serious renga not by their comic conception but by the presence of a haigon—a word of Chinese or recent origin that was normally not tolerated in classical verse....
  • Haijong (language)
    ...found in Southeast Asia. Khāsi and Gāro are the main languages and along with Jaintia and English are the state’s official languages; others include Pnar-Synteng, Nepālī, and Haijong, as well as the plains languages of Bengali, Assamese, and Hindi....
  • haik (clothing)
    Outer gowns or cloaks sometimes incorporated head coverings. These included the haik, which was an oblong piece of material (generally striped) that the Arabs used to wrap around their bodies and heads for day or night wear; the material measured about 18 feet by 6 feet (5.5 by 1.8 metres). A similar mantle was the burnous, a hooded garment also used for warmth day or night....
  • haikai (verse form)
    a comic renga, or Japanese linked-verse form. The haikai was developed as early as the 16th century as a diversion from the composition of the more serious renga form. ...
  • haikai no renga (verse form)
    a comic renga, or Japanese linked-verse form. The haikai was developed as early as the 16th century as a diversion from the composition of the more serious renga form. ...
  • Haikang (China)
    ...Administratively, the peninsula forms part of Zhanjiang municipality. The peninsula forms part of the eastern limit of the Gulf of Tonkin, and it takes its name from the ancient city of Leizhou (now Haikang) on the eastern coast, which was, until the rise of Zhanjiang in the 20th century, the chief city and the seat of the prefecture of Leizhou....
  • Haikou (China)
    city and capital of Hainan sheng (province), southern China. It is situated on the north coast of Hainan Island, facing the Leizhou Peninsula, across the Hainan (Qiongzhou) Strait (9.5 miles [15 km] wide). Haikou originally grew up as the port for Qiongshan, the ancient administrative capital of Hainan...
  • haiku (Japanese literature)
    unrhymed Japanese poetic form consisting of 17 syllables arranged in three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. The term haiku is derived from the first element of the word haikai (a humorous form of renga, or linked-verse poem) and the second element of the word hokku (the initial stanza of a ...
  • Ḥāʾil (Saudi Arabia)
    town, northwestern Saudi Arabia. It is situated between Mount Shammar on the north and Mount Salma on the south and is on one of the main pilgrimage routes from Iraq to Mecca. Hāʾil superseded the former administrative centre of the region, Fayd, in about the mid-19th century after the establishment of the local dynasty of Ibn Rashīd. Hāʾil subsequently grew as ...
  • hail (meteorology)
    precipitation of balls or pieces of ice with a diameter of 5 mm to 10 cm (about 0.2 to 4 inches). Small hail (also called sleet, or ice pellets) has a diameter of less than 5 mm. Because the formation of hail usually requires cumulonimbus or other convective clouds with strong updrafts, it often accompanies thunderstorms....
  • Hail and Farewell (work by Moore)
    ...Gosse’s sensitive study of the difficult relationship between himself and his Victorian father, Father and Son (1907), and George Moore’s quasi-novelized crusade in favour of Irish art, Hail and Farewell (1911–14), illustrate the variations of intellectual autobiography. Finally, somewhat analogous to the novel as biography (for example, Graves’s I, ...
  • Hail Mary (prayer)
    a principal prayer of the Roman Catholic Church, comprising three parts addressed to the Virgin Mary. The following are the Latin text and an English translation:Ave Maria, gratia plena;Dominus tecum:Benedicta tu in mulieribus et benedictusfructus ventris tui [Jesus].Sancta Maria, Mater Dei,Ora pro nob...
  • hail pellet (meteorology)
    The hailstones that fall from deep, vigorous clouds in warm weather consist of a core surrounded by several alternate layers of clear and opaque ice. When the growing particle traverses a region of relatively high air temperature or high concentration of liquid water, or both, the transfer of heat from the hailstone to the air cannot occur rapidly enough to allow all of the deposited water to......
  • hail stone (meteorology)
    The hailstones that fall from deep, vigorous clouds in warm weather consist of a core surrounded by several alternate layers of clear and opaque ice. When the growing particle traverses a region of relatively high air temperature or high concentration of liquid water, or both, the transfer of heat from the hailstone to the air cannot occur rapidly enough to allow all of the deposited water to......
  • Hail to the Thief (album by Radiohead)
    ...melody and rock instrumentation to create intricately textured soundscapes—it found a way to meld this approach with its guitar-band roots on the much-anticipated album Hail to the Thief (2003), which reached number three on the U.S. album charts. In 2006 Yorke, who had reluctantly become for some the voice of his generation, collaborated with the group...
  • Hailar (China)
    city, northeastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. It lies on the south bank of the Hailar River, at its junction with the Yimin River. Since 2001 Hailar has served as the urban district of the newly created Hulunbuir city....
  • Haile Malakot (king of Shewa)
    Menilek’s father was Haile Malakot, later negus (king) of Shewa. His mother was a court servant who married Haile Malakot shortly after Sahle Miriam was born. His forefathers had been rulers of Menz, the heartland of Shewa, since the 17th century, and it has been claimed that further back they were related to the Solomonid line of emperors who ruled Ethiopia between 1268 and 1854......
  • Haile Selassie I (emperor of Ethiopia)
    emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974 who sought to modernize his country and who steered it into the mainstream of post-World War II African politics. He brought Ethiopia into the League of Nations and the United Nations and made Addis Ababa the major centre for the Organization of African Unity....
  • Haile Selassie I University (university, Ethiopia)
    ...colleges of liberal arts, technology, public health, building, law, social work, business, agriculture, and theology were opened in the 1950s and ’60s. In 1961 Haile Selassie I University (now Addis Ababa University) was created to centralize the administration of higher education in the country. The Derg expanded primary education and gave university designation to the Agricultural......
  • Hailey, Arthur (British writer)
    British-born writer (b. April 5, 1920, Luton, Bedfordshire, Eng.—d. Nov. 24, 2004, Lyford Cay, New Providence Island, Bahamas), helped launch the disaster-movie genre when his novel Airport (1968) was made into a motion picture in 1970. Hailey’s meticulously researched 11 books—among them Hotel (1965; filmed 1967, filmed for television 1983, and adapted as a TV s...
  • Hailsham of Hailsham, Douglas McGarel Hogg, 1st Viscount (British lawyer and politician)
    British lawyer and politician, a prominent member of the Conservative Party in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords....
  • Hailsham of St. Marylebone, Quintin McGarel Hogg, Baron (British politician)
    British politician (b. Oct. 9, 1907, London, Eng.—d. Oct. 12, 2001, London), between 1938 and 1987 served six Conservative governments in a variety of posts, most notably 12 years (1970–74, 1979–87) as lord high chancellor (head of the British judiciary), a position his father, Viscount Hailsham, had held in the 1920s. Hogg was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, calle...
  • hailstone (meteorology)
    The hailstones that fall from deep, vigorous clouds in warm weather consist of a core surrounded by several alternate layers of clear and opaque ice. When the growing particle traverses a region of relatively high air temperature or high concentration of liquid water, or both, the transfer of heat from the hailstone to the air cannot occur rapidly enough to allow all of the deposited water to......
  • Hainan (province and island, China)
    sheng (province) of China. The province, whose name means “South of the Sea,” is coextensive with Hai-nan Island. Hai-nan is located in the South China Sea, separated from Kwangtung’s Lei-chou Peninsula to the north by a shallow and narrow strait. It is the southernmost province of China and, with an area of about 13,200 square miles (34,300 ...
  • Hainan Dao (province and island, China)
    sheng (province) of China. The province, whose name means “South of the Sea,” is coextensive with Hai-nan Island. Hai-nan is located in the South China Sea, separated from Kwangtung’s Lei-chou Peninsula to the north by a shallow and narrow strait. It is the southernmost province of China and, with an area of about 13,200 square miles (34,300 ...
  • Hainan Island (province and island, China)
    sheng (province) of China. The province, whose name means “South of the Sea,” is coextensive with Hai-nan Island. Hai-nan is located in the South China Sea, separated from Kwangtung’s Lei-chou Peninsula to the north by a shallow and narrow strait. It is the southernmost province of China and, with an area of about 13,200 square miles (34,300 ...
  • Hainanese language (Chinese dialect)
    ...the largest minority group, followed by the Miao. The largest cities are Hai-k’ou in the north and the port city of Ya-hsien (locally called San-ya) in the south. The lingua franca of Hai-nan, Hainanese, is a variant of the southern Fukien dialect....
  • Hainault (province, Belgium)
    ...the whole of the United Netherlands were to bring about greater community of interests between certain provinces. On Jan. 6, 1579, the Union of Arras (Artois) was formed in the south among Artois, Hainaut, and the town of Douay, based on the Pacification of Ghent but retaining the Roman Catholic religion, loyalty to the king, and the privileges of the estates. As a reaction to the......
  • Hainaut (historical region, Belgium)
    About 1100 such other territories as Brabant, Hainaut, Namur, and Holland began to expand and form principalities, helped by the weakening of the German crown during the Investiture Contest (a struggle between civil and church rulers over the right to invest bishops and abbots). The......
  • Hainaut (province, Belgium)
    ...the whole of the United Netherlands were to bring about greater community of interests between certain provinces. On Jan. 6, 1579, the Union of Arras (Artois) was formed in the south among Artois, Hainaut, and the town of Douay, based on the Pacification of Ghent but retaining the Roman Catholic religion, loyalty to the king, and the privileges of the estates. As a reaction to the......
  • Hainaut, Olivier (Belgian astronomer)
    An extremely weak coma appeared in 1984 when Comet Halley still was 6 AU from the Sun. In February 1991, the Belgian astronomers Olivier Hainaut and Alain Smette detected a giant outburst from Comet Halley, which was already at a distance of 14.5 AU from the Sun and had the form of a fanlike structure in the direction of the Sun; this is the best case study to date. Rarely have comas been......
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