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  • Tamanrasset (Algeria)
    town, southern Algeria. Located in the mountainous Ahaggar (Hoggar) region on the Wadi Tamanghasset, the town originated as a military outpost, guarding trans-Saharan trade routes. It has become an important way station on the north-south asphalt road called the Trans-Sahara Highway via northern Algeria, which reached Tamanghasset in 1980. Although the desert climate is mitigate...
  • Tamaqua (borough, Pennsylvania, United States)
    borough (town), Schuylkill county, east-central Pennsylvania, U.S., on the Little Schuylkill River. The area was settled in 1799, and its name derives from the Iroquois Indian word for “land of the beaver.” After the opening of the horse-drawn Little Schuylkill Railroad in 1831, the town prospered as a centre of anthracite coal mining. Light manu...
  • Tamar (queen of Georgia)
    ...white and cherry (or carnelian) red (as well as black) for their flags. Most of these banners were carried by military forces or used by royalty, since modern national flags did not exist. Queen Tamara, or Tamar (1184–1213), the most famous ruler in Georgian history, according to tradition used a white flag with a dark red cross and a star. All these flags were suppressed in 1801 when......
  • Tamar (Israeli princess)
    ...that provided precedents for the resolution of conflict or for establishing the rights of succession. Thus, David’s third son, Absalom, murdered the eldest son, Amnon, for the latter’s rape of Tamar, the former’s sister and the latter’s half sister. After a period of exile and then of reconciliation with King David, Absalom used the favour he had gained among the peo...
  • Tamar, River (river, England, United Kingdom)
    river in southwestern England, rising within 4 miles (6 km) of the Bristol Channel and flowing south to the English Channel by Plymouth Sound. For most of its length of 61 miles (98 km), it forms the historic boundary between the counties of Devon and Cornwall. Its estuary, like those of its lower tributaries, Tavy, Lynher, and Tiddy, is a barrier to east-west communications, which are carried by ...
  • Tamar, River (river, Australia)
    tidal estuary in northern Tasmania, Australia, formed by the confluence of the North and South Esk rivers. It extends 40 miles (65 km) northwest to enter Bass Strait at Port Dalrymple, the mouth of the estuary. The latter was named in 1798 by the explorers George Bass and Matthew Flinders and was the site in 1804 of York Town (or Yorktown), the first local set...
  • Tamar Valley (valley, England, United Kingdom)
    Calstock and Gunnislake in the Tamar valley are linked with Plymouth by a branch railway and have become residential areas. The lower Tamar valley is an area of intensive cultivation whose mild local climate is relatively free of frosts. Strawberries and other soft fruits are grown there, and flowers, grown both outside and in greenhouses, are another major source of income. Some early......
  • Tamara (queen of Georgia)
    ...white and cherry (or carnelian) red (as well as black) for their flags. Most of these banners were carried by military forces or used by royalty, since modern national flags did not exist. Queen Tamara, or Tamar (1184–1213), the most famous ruler in Georgian history, according to tradition used a white flag with a dark red cross and a star. All these flags were suppressed in 1801 when......
  • Tamara (island, Guinea)
    small archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, off Conakry, the capital of Guinea, West Africa. They provide protection for the port of Conakry and include Tamara (Factory), Kassa, Roume (Crawford), Blanche (White), and De Corail (Coral) and several smaller islets. Tamara, the largest (8 miles [13 km] long and 1–2 miles [1.6–3 km] wide), has the highest point of elevation (499 feet [152......
  • tamarack (tree)
    The most widely distributed North American larch is tamarack, hackmatack, or eastern larch (L. laricina). The bracts on its small cones are hidden by the scales. Eastern larch trees mature in 100 to 200 years. This species may grow 12 to 20 metres (about 40 to 65 feet) tall and have gray to reddish-brown bark. A taller species, the western larch (L. occidentalis) of the Pacific......
  • tamarau (water buffalo)
    (species Anoa mindorensis), small species of buffalo....
  • tamaraw (water buffalo)
    (species Anoa mindorensis), small species of buffalo....
  • Tamaricaceae (plant family)
    ...and temperate margins of the developing deserts. It has been suggested that many typical modern desert plant families, particularly those with an Asian centre of diversity such as the chenopod and tamarisk families, first appeared in the Miocene (23.7 to 5.3 million years ago), evolving in the salty, drying environment of the disappearing Tethys Sea along what is now the......
  • tamarin (primate)
    any marmoset species belonging to the genus Saguinus or Leontopithecus....
  • tamarind (plant)
    (species Tamarindus indica), evergreen tree, of the pea family (Fabaceae), native to tropical Africa. It is widely cultivated in other regions as an ornamental and for its edible fruit. The tree grows to about 24 m (80 feet) tall and has alternate, pinnately compound (feather-formed) leaves; the leaflets are about 2 cm (0.75 inch) long. The yellow flowers, about 2.5 cm across, are borne in...
  • Tamarindus (plant genus)
    ...Nigeria thickets comprising a few fire-sensitive rainforest tree species from genera such as Diospyros, Ficus, and Tamarindus grow on rocky knolls lacking grass. These rocky “islands,” protected from fire and cattle, are surrounded by expanses of grazed and frequently burned savanna. Where......
  • Tamarindus indica (plant)
    (species Tamarindus indica), evergreen tree, of the pea family (Fabaceae), native to tropical Africa. It is widely cultivated in other regions as an ornamental and for its edible fruit. The tree grows to about 24 m (80 feet) tall and has alternate, pinnately compound (feather-formed) leaves; the leaflets are about 2 cm (0.75 inch) long. The yellow flowers, about 2.5 cm across, are borne in...
  • tamarisk (plant genus)
    (genus Tamarix), any of 54 species of shrubs and low trees (family Tamaricaceae) that, with false tamarisks (Myricaria, 10 species), grow in salt deserts, by seashores, in mountainous areas, and in other semiarid localities from the Mediterranean region to central Asia and northern China. Many have been introduced into North America. They have deep-ranging roots and long, slender bra...
  • tamarisk family (plant family)
    ...and temperate margins of the developing deserts. It has been suggested that many typical modern desert plant families, particularly those with an Asian centre of diversity such as the chenopod and tamarisk families, first appeared in the Miocene (23.7 to 5.3 million years ago), evolving in the salty, drying environment of the disappearing Tethys Sea along what is now the......
  • tamarisk manna scale (insect)
    Although few homopterans produce food for man, the tamarisk manna scale, Trabutina mannipara, is thought to have produced the biblical manna for the children of Israel. The females produce large quantities of honeydew that solidify in thick layers on plant leaves in arid regions. This sugarlike material, still collected by natives of Arabia and Iraq, is considered a great delicacy. The......
  • Tamarix (plant genus)
    (genus Tamarix), any of 54 species of shrubs and low trees (family Tamaricaceae) that, with false tamarisks (Myricaria, 10 species), grow in salt deserts, by seashores, in mountainous areas, and in other semiarid localities from the Mediterranean region to central Asia and northern China. Many have been introduced into North America. They have deep-ranging roots and long, slender bra...
  • Tamarix aphylla (plant)
    ...and salt-water spray. The salt cedar, or French tamarisk (T. gallica), is planted on seacoasts for shelter; it is cultivated in the United States from South Carolina to California. The Athel tree (T. aphylla), which sometimes grows to about 18 metres (60 feet), has jointed twigs and minute ensheathing leaves and is used as a windbreak in desert areas. T. ramosissima......
  • Tamarix family (plant family)
    ...and temperate margins of the developing deserts. It has been suggested that many typical modern desert plant families, particularly those with an Asian centre of diversity such as the chenopod and tamarisk families, first appeared in the Miocene (23.7 to 5.3 million years ago), evolving in the salty, drying environment of the disappearing Tethys Sea along what is now the......
  • Tamarix gallica (plant)
    Tamarisks are valued for their ability to withstand drought, soil salinity, and salt-water spray. The salt cedar, or French tamarisk (T. gallica), is planted on seacoasts for shelter; it is cultivated in the United States from South Carolina to California. The Athel tree (T. aphylla), which sometimes grows to about 18 metres (60 feet), has jointed twigs and minute ensheathing......
  • Tamarix mannifera (plant)
    ...Both are spiny-branched shrubs less than 1 m (about 3 feet) tall and are native to Turkey. An edible, white honeylike substance known as manna forms drops on the stem of a tamarisk tree, Tamarix mannifera. A scale insect either punctures the stem, triggering the exudation, or secretes the manna itself....
  • Tamaro, Susanna (Italian author)
    ...arcane and enigmatic tales of La grande Eulalia (1988; “The Great Eulalia”), the first of many successful books by Paola Capriolo. Best-selling and widely translated author Susanna Tamaro achieved overnight commercial success with the sentimental Va’ dove ti porta il cuore (1994; Follow Your Heart), which she adapted for a film of the ...
  • Tamarugal, Pampa del (region, South America)
    ...it appears as a plateau with elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 feet. Saline sediments that washed down during the Tertiary and Quaternary periods created the rich nitrate deposits found in the Tamarugal Plain and Carmen Salt Flat, where the once-bustling mining towns of María Elena, Pedro de Valdivia, and Baquedano are located. In north-central Chile, extending southward out of the......
  • Tamarugal Plain (region, South America)
    ...it appears as a plateau with elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 feet. Saline sediments that washed down during the Tertiary and Quaternary periods created the rich nitrate deposits found in the Tamarugal Plain and Carmen Salt Flat, where the once-bustling mining towns of María Elena, Pedro de Valdivia, and Baquedano are located. In north-central Chile, extending southward out of the......
  • tamas (Indian philosophy)
    ...physiopsychological factors. The highest one is sattva, which is illumination, enlightening knowledge, and lightness; the second is rajas, which is energy, passion, and expansiveness; the third is tamas (“darkness”), which is obscurity, ignorance, and inertia. To these correspond moral models: to tamas that of the ignorant and lazy man; to rajas that of the impulsive and passionat...
  • tamāshā (Indian folk drama)
    erotic form of Indian folk drama begun in the early 18th century in Mahārāshtra. In all other forms of Indian folk theatre, men are cast in the major roles. The leading female role in tamāshā, however, is played by a woman. Tamāshā plays, which are known to be bawdy, originated as entertainments for encamped armies. In the 20th century they ...
  • Tamashek language
    ...as Songhai proper, Zarma, and Dendi. The language of the Fulani is Fula; in Niger it has two dialects, eastern and western, the demarcation line between them running through the Boboye district. Tamashek is the language of the Tuareg, who often call themselves the Kel Tamagheq, or Tamashek speakers. The language is also spoken in Algeria and Mali and possesses its own writing, called......
  • tamashiro (Shintō religion)
    ...strict Shintō households, the tamaya is placed on a lower level than the commonly found family altar, the kamidana (“god-shelf”). It contains a mirror or a tablet (tamashiro) listing the names of the deceased family members....
  • Tamatave (Madagascar)
    town, eastern Madagascar. The town lies along the Indian Ocean. It was rebuilt after destruction by hurricane in 1927, with the modern sector centring on the tree-lined avenue Poincaré. Toamasina is Madagascar’s commercial hub and foremost port, handling much of the island’s foreign trade. It exports coffee, vanilla, pepper, cloves, and graphite and imports machinery, textiles...
  • Tamaulipas (state, Mexico)
    estado (state), northeastern Mexico. It is bounded by the United States (Texas) to the north, the Gulf of Mexico to the east, and the states of Veracruz to the south, San Luis Potosí to the southwest and west, and Nuevo León to the ...
  • tamaya (Shintō altar)
    in the Shintō religion of Japan, a memorial altar dedicated to the spirits of deceased ancestors. The tamaya is not found in all homes observing Shintō because Buddhist practices dominate Japanese funerary rites. But in priestly or strict Shintō households, the tamaya is placed on a lower level than the commonly found family altar, the kamidana...
  • Tamayo, Rufino (Mexican artist)
    Mexican painter who combined modern European painting styles with Mexican folk themes....
  • Tamayo, Rufino Arellanes (Mexican artist)
    Mexican painter who combined modern European painting styles with Mexican folk themes....
  • Tamayo y Baus, Manuel (Spanish dramatist)
    Spanish dramatist who, with Adelardo López de Ayala y Herrera, dominated the Spanish stage in the mid-19th century. He was a key figure in the transition from Romanticism to Realism in Spanish literature....
  • Tamazight language
    ...Algerians speak one of several dialects of vernacular Arabic. These are generally similar to dialects spoken in adjacent areas of Morocco and Tunisia. Modern Standard Arabic is taught in schools. The Amazigh language (Tamazight)—in several geographic dialects—is spoken by Algeria’s ethnic Imazighen, though most are also bilingual in Arabic....
  • Tamazigt language
    ...Algerians speak one of several dialects of vernacular Arabic. These are generally similar to dialects spoken in adjacent areas of Morocco and Tunisia. Modern Standard Arabic is taught in schools. The Amazigh language (Tamazight)—in several geographic dialects—is spoken by Algeria’s ethnic Imazighen, though most are also bilingual in Arabic....
  • Tamba (Japan)
    ...Prefecture), which may have exceeded Seto in the size of its production; Bizen (Okayama Prefecture), which has produced an excellent unglazed stoneware from the Heian period to the 20th century; Tamba (Kyōto Prefecture); Shigaraki (Shiga Prefecture); and Echizen (Fukui Prefecture). The wares of Seto, especially those made for Buddhist ceremonies, were regarded as the finest pottery of......
  • Tamba Yasuyori (Japanese physician)
    Beginning in ad 608, when young Japanese physicians were sent to China for a long period of study, Chinese influence on Japanese medicine was paramount. In 982, Tamba Yasuyori completed the 30-volume Ishinhō, the oldest Japanese medical work still extant. This work discusses diseases and their treatment, classified mainly according to the affected organs or parts. It is...
  • Tambacounda (Senegal)
    town, southeastern Senegal. It is situated about 250 miles (400 km) east-southeast of Dakar. The town is in a tall-grass and acacia savanna area known for its varied agricultural potential. Crops grown include millet, sorghum, cotton, corn (maize), peanuts (groundnuts), and rice. Cattle are tended by Fulani (Fulbe) and Malinke...
  • Tambao (Burkina Faso)
    ...gold deposits near Sebba and Dori-Yalogo in the north are known to exist. Reserves of nickel, bauxite, zinc, lead, and silver are being studied. The country’s substantial manganese deposits at Tambao in the northeast potentially represent Burkina’s most important resource and one of the world’s richest sources of this mineral. Exploitation is limited by existing transport i...
  • tambaqui (fish)
    ...produce fragrant organic latexes, oils, resins, and acids that help fish locate trees that are about to fruit, as well as fruit that has already dropped into the water. One large characin, the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), has developed nasal flaps on the upper part of the snout to help it smell fruit. The tambaqui is an important food fish for peoples of the Amazon and can weigh......
  • Tamberlick, Enrico (Italian tenor)
    Italian tenor best known for his remarkable high notes....
  • Tamberlik, Enrico (Italian tenor)
    Italian tenor best known for his remarkable high notes....
  • Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (American scholar)
    ...and humanities. Central to the challenge to the traditional magic-religion-science paradigm was Magic, Science, Religion, and the Scope of Rationality (1990), in which Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah deconstructs the European history of the progress model and the work of anthropologists from Tylor forward. Other anthropologists have questioned the model of the rise and......
  • Tambo, Adelaide (South African political activist)
    South African political activist who was a prominent figure in the struggle against apartheid in South Africa. As a teenager she joined the black nationalist African National Congress (ANC) Youth League, where she met Oliver Tambo. They were married in 1956 and went into exile when the ANC was banned in 1960. For the next 30 years, while her husband traveled and directed the ANC from exile in Zam...
  • Tambo, Mr. (theatre)
    ...parts, was established by the Christy company and changed little thereafter. In part one the performers were arranged in a semicircle, with the interlocutor in the centre and the end men—Mr. Tambo, who played the tambourine, and Mr. Bones, who rattled the bones—at the ends. The interlocutor, in whiteface, usually wore formal attire; the others, in blackface, wore gaudy......
  • Tambo, Oliver (South African leader)
    president of the South African black-nationalist African National Congress (ANC) from 1969. He spent more than 30 years in exile (1960–90)....
  • Tambo, Oliver Reginald (South African leader)
    president of the South African black-nationalist African National Congress (ANC) from 1969. He spent more than 30 years in exile (1960–90)....
  • Tambo Viejo (archaeological site, Peru)
    ...of Pisco, Ica, Nazca, and Acarí. At Cahuachi, in Nazca, this included a ceremonial centre consisting of six pyramids, which were terraced and adobe-faced natural hills associated with courts. Tambo Viejo in Acarí was fortified, which supports inferences drawn with some difficulty from late Nazca art that a concern with warfare developed at that time....
  • tambon (Thai government)
    ...elected provincial assemblies have little power, but they serve as incubators for local politicians who may later be elected to the National Assembly. In 1997, communes (tambon), units consisting of several villages, were given increased powers and the authorization to elect members of tambon administrative......
  • Tambopata (Peru)
    port city, southeastern Peru. It lies at the confluence of the Tambopata and Madre de Dios rivers, at 840 feet (256 m) above sea level in the hot, humid rain forest known as the selva (jungle). It was named for Dom Pedro Maldonado, an 18th-century Spanish explorer, but was not mentioned in official documents until 1902. ...
  • Tambopata River (river, Peru)
    port city, southeastern Peru. It lies at the confluence of the Tambopata and Madre de Dios rivers, at 840 feet (256 m) above sea level in the hot, humid rain forest known as the selva (jungle). It was named for Dom Pedro Maldonado, an 18th-century Spanish explorer, but was not mentioned in official documents until 1902. The community serves as the......
  • Tambora, Mount (volcano, Indonesia)
    dormant volcanic mountain on the northern coast of Sumbawa island, Indonesia. Now 9,354 feet (2,851 m) high, it erupted violently in 1815, when it lost much of its top and caused the death of 50,000 islanders and destroyed the homes of 35,000 more. Before that eruption Mount Tambora was 13,000 feet (4,000 m) high....
  • tambour (embroidery)
    embroidery worked on material that has been stretched taut on a tambour frame, which consists of two wooden hoops, one slightly larger than the other, fitting close together. The embroidery is worked with a needle or a tambour hook. When an expanse of material has to be covered that is too large for a fixed square frame, it is possible to do the work in stages on a tambour frame, stretching diffe...
  • tamboura (musical instrument)
    long-necked fretless Indian lute. It has a hollow neck, measures about 40–60 inches (102–153 cm) in length, and usually has four metal strings tuned (relative pitch) c–c′–c′–g or c–c′–c′–f. Precision tuning is achieved by inserting bits of wool or silk between the strings and lower bridge and by ...
  • tambourine (musical instrument)
    small frame drum (one whose shell is too narrow to resonate the sound) having one or two skins nailed or glued to a shallow circular or polygonal frame. The tambourine is normally played with the bare hands and often has attached to it jingles, pellet bells, or snares. European tambourines typically have one skin and jingling disks set into the sides of the frame. The designation tambourine refers...
  • Tambov (oblast, Russia)
    oblast (province), western Russia. It occupies an area of 13,250 square miles (34,300 square km) on the low, level plain of the Oka and Don rivers. The natural vegetation is forest-steppe on rich soils, but much of it has been cleared for agriculture; large areas of pine forest survive only on sandy soils along the Tsna and Vorona rivers. The climate is continental, with average temperatur...
  • Tambov (Russia)
    city and administrative centre of Tambov oblast (province), western Russia. It lies along the upper Tsna River. Founded in 1636 as a fortress on the Belgorod defensive line, in 1779 it became the centre of a province. Growth came slowly, chiefly in the late 19th century after construction of the Moscow–Saratov railway through the city. Tambov’s chief industries are engineerin...
  • Tāmbraparni River (river, India)
    city, southern Tamil Nādu state, southeastern India. It lies along the Tāmbraparni River, slightly upstream from the city of Pālayankottai (Pālamcottah). Its name is derived from the Tamil words tiru (“holy”), nel (“paddy”), and veli (“fence”), referring to a legend that the god Śiva (Shiva) protected...
  • tambur (musical instrument)
    long-necked lute played under various names from the Balkans to northwestern Asia. Closely resembling the ancient Greek pandoura and the long lutes of ancient Egypt and Babylon, it has a deep, pear-shaped body, a fretted neck, and 2 to 10 double courses of metal strings fastened with front and side tuning pegs without a pegbox....
  • tambura (musical instrument)
    long-necked fretless Indian lute. It has a hollow neck, measures about 40–60 inches (102–153 cm) in length, and usually has four metal strings tuned (relative pitch) c–c′–c′–g or c–c′–c′–f. Precision tuning is achieved by inserting bits of wool or silk between the strings and lower bridge and by ...
  • tamburi (musical instrument)
    long-necked fretless Indian lute. It has a hollow neck, measures about 40–60 inches (102–153 cm) in length, and usually has four metal strings tuned (relative pitch) c–c′–c′–g or c–c′–c′–f. Precision tuning is achieved by inserting bits of wool or silk between the strings and lower bridge and by ...
  • tamburica (musical instrument)
    long-necked lute played under various names from the Balkans to northwestern Asia. Closely resembling the ancient Greek pandoura and the long lutes of ancient Egypt and Babylon, it has a deep, pear-shaped body, a fretted neck, and 2 to 10 double courses of metal strings fastened with front and side tuning pegs without a pegbox....
  • Tamburini, Antonio (Italian singer)
    Italian operatic baritone, particularly noted for his starring roles in the works of Gioacchino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti, and Vincenzo Bellini....
  • Tamburini, Francisco (Italian architect)
    ...French on the emerging cosmopolitan culture. The government provided the most important commissions, which were intended to consolidate this period of rapid economic expansion. In Buenos Aires, Francisco Tamburini remodeled the Casa Rosada in the late 1800s to become the offices of the president. This Beaux-Arts composition, with its central arch and side loggias, then became the standard......
  • tamburitza (musical instrument)
    long-necked lute played under various names from the Balkans to northwestern Asia. Closely resembling the ancient Greek pandoura and the long lutes of ancient Egypt and Babylon, it has a deep, pear-shaped body, a fretted neck, and 2 to 10 double courses of metal strings fastened with front and side tuning pegs without a pegbox....
  • Tamburlaine (Turkic conqueror)
    Turkic conqueror, chiefly remembered for the barbarity of his conquests from India and Russia to the Mediterranean Sea and for the cultural achievements of his dynasty....
  • Tamburlaine the Great (drama by Marlowe)
    In a playwriting career that spanned little more than six years, Marlowe’s achievements were diverse and splendid. Perhaps before leaving Cambridge he had already written Tamburlaine the Great (in two parts, both performed by the end of 1587; published 1590). Almost certainly during his later Cambridge years, Marlowe had translated Ovid’s Amores (The Loves) and t...
  • Tambussi, Ella Rosa Giovanna Oliva (American politician)
    American public official, the first woman elected to a U.S. state governorship in her own right....
  • Tamenaga Shunsui (Japanese author)
    ...Edo along the Tōkaidō, the great highway between Kyōto and Edo. Shunshoku umegoyomi (1832–33; “Spring Colours: The Plum Calendar”), by Tamenaga Shunsui, is the story of Tanjirō, a peerlessly handsome but ineffectual young man for whose affections various women fight. The author at one point defended himself against charge...
  • Tamenghest (Algeria)
    town, southern Algeria. Located in the mountainous Ahaggar (Hoggar) region on the Wadi Tamanghasset, the town originated as a military outpost, guarding trans-Saharan trade routes. It has become an important way station on the north-south asphalt road called the Trans-Sahara Highway via northern Algeria, which reached Tamanghasset in 1980. Although the desert climate is mitigate...
  • Tamerlane (Turkic conqueror)
    Turkic conqueror, chiefly remembered for the barbarity of his conquests from India and Russia to the Mediterranean Sea and for the cultural achievements of his dynasty....
  • Tamerlane’s Gates (passage, Uzbekistan)
    ...is located in a small oasis irrigated by the Sanzar River, northeast of Samarkand. One of the most ancient settlements of Uzbekistan, it was situated on the trade routes to the Mediterranean near Tamerlane’s Gates, the only convenient passage through the Nuratau Mountains to the Zeravshan River valley. Today the city processes cotton and other local agricultural products together with......
  • Tamesa (river, England, United Kingdom)
    chief river of southern England. Rising in the Cotswold Hills, its basin covers an area of approximately 5,500 square miles (14,250 square km). The traditional source at Thames Head, which is dry for much of the year, is marked by a stone in a field 356 feet (108.5 metres) above sea level and 3 miles (5 km) southwest of the town of Cirencester...
  • Tameside (district, England, United Kingdom)
    metropolitan borough in the eastern part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, England. The parts of the borough west of the River Tame, such as Ashton-under-Lyne, Audenshaw, and Denton, are in the historic county of Lancashire, while those to the east, including Stalybridge, Dukinfield, and Hyde, belong to the historic county of Cheshire...
  • Tamesis (river, England, United Kingdom)
    chief river of southern England. Rising in the Cotswold Hills, its basin covers an area of approximately 5,500 square miles (14,250 square km). The traditional source at Thames Head, which is dry for much of the year, is marked by a stone in a field 356 feet (108.5 metres) above sea level and 3 miles (5 km) southwest of the town of Cirencester...
  • Tamesna (region, Niger)
    The sandy regions of the Nigerian Sahara extend to either side of the Aïr. To the west the Talak region includes the Tamesna area in the north (where fossil valleys are filled with moving sand dunes) and the Azaoua area in the south. East of the Aïr is the Ténéré region, covered partly by an expanse of sand called an erg, partly by a stony plain called a reg....
  • Tamgué, Mount (mountain, Guinea)
    ...region serves as the watershed for some of western Africa’s greatest rivers. The Fouta Djallon covers an area of 30,000 square miles (77,000 square km) and averages 3,000 feet (914 m) in elevation. Mount Loura (Tamgué), its highest point (5,046 feet [1,538 m]), rises near the town of Mali. Originating in the Fouta Djallon’s central plateau are the headwaters of the Gambia, ...
  • Tami style (carving)
    type of Oceanic carving originating on the Tami Islands, in Papua New Guinea. The style spread to the coastal areas along the Huon Gulf, to the islands of Umboi and Siassi, and to western New Britain....
  • Tamiahua Lagoon (lagoon, Mexico)
    long coastal lagoon in Veracruz state, eastern Mexico. An inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, it extends approximately 65 miles (105 km) southward from Tampico. A long, narrow, sandy peninsula from which Cape Rojo projects eastward shelters the 12-mile- (19-km-) wide lagoon from the Gulf. The mouth of the lagoon, the Corazones, is at its southern end, where the lagoo...
  • Tamias (rodent)
    any of 25 species of small, striped, terrestrial squirrels with large internal cheek pouches used for transporting food. They have prominent eyes and ears, a furry tail, and delicate claws. All are active only during the day, and all but one are North American, occurring from southern Canada to west-central Mexico. Body length among most species ranges from 8 to 16 cm (3.1 to 6....
  • Tamias rufus (rodent)
    ...alternate with two gray-brown stripes and two whitish stripes. The smallest chipmunk is the least chipmunk (T. minimus), which weighs about half as much as the eastern chipmunk. The Hopi chipmunk (T. rufus) lives among the buttes and canyonlands of the American Southwest and is remarkably adept at climbing sheer rock faces and overhangs. The Uinta chipmunk......
  • Tamias sibiricus (rodent)
    ...in its habits. In addition to denning in burrows, it regularly sleeps and nests in trees, where it sometimes raises young in tree cavities or abandoned bird nests. The only Old World species is the Siberian chipmunk (T. sibiricus), which ranges from the White Sea of northwestern Russia eastward through Siberia to northern Japan and south to China....
  • Tamias striatus (rodent)
    The eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), common to the deciduous forests of eastern North America, is the largest. Weighing 70–142 grams (2.5–5 ounces), it has a body 14–19 cm long and a shorter tail (8–11 cm). The fur is reddish brown and is broken by five dark brown stripes running lengthwise down the body. These alternate with two gray-brown stripes and...
  • Tamias umbrinus (rodent)
    ...eastern chipmunk. The Hopi chipmunk (T. rufus) lives among the buttes and canyonlands of the American Southwest and is remarkably adept at climbing sheer rock faces and overhangs. The Uinta chipmunk (T. umbrinus), which lives in montane forests of the western United States, is much like a tree squirrel in its habits. In addition to denning in burrows, it regularly....
  • Tamiasciurus (rodent)
    ...fungi, insects and other arthropods, the cambium layer of tree bark, nectar, leaves, buds, flowers, and sometimes bird eggs, nestlings, and carrion. Some red squirrels (genus Tamiasciurus) and Sciurus species of temperate climates will stalk, kill, and eat other squirrels, mice, and adult birds and rabbits for food, but such predation......
  • Tamiflu (drug)
    ...have no effect against influenza B viruses. The action of amantadine is to block uncoating of the virus within the cell, thus preventing the release of viral RNA into the host cell. Zanamivir and oseltamivir are active against both influenza A and influenza B. Zanamivir is given by inhalation only, while oseltamivir can be given orally. These drugs are inhibitors of neuramidase, a......
  • Tamil (people)
    people originally of southern India and speaking Tamil, one of the principal languages of the Dravidian family. Numbering about 57,000,000 in the late 20th century (including about 3,200,000 speakers in northern and eastern Sri Lanka), Tamil speakers make up the majority of the population of Tamil Nadu state and also inhabit parts of Kerala, Karnataka, and An...
  • Tamil Aiyar Brahmins (chant)
    In the most common style of Rigvedic and Yajurvedic chanting found today, that of the Tamil Aiyar Brahmins, it is clear that the accent is differentiated in terms of pitch. This chanting is based on three tones; the udātta and the nonaccented syllables (called pracaya) are recited at a middle tone, the preceding anudātta syllable at a low tone, and the following....
  • Tamil Federal Party (political party, Sri Lanka)
    The Tamil Federal Party, led by S.J.V. Chelvanayakam, pressed demands that Ceylon be made a federal state. To conciliate the Tamils, Bandaranaike made a pact with Chelvanayakam, allowing for the official use of Tamil in Tamil-speaking provinces; in April 1958, however, under pressure of Sinhalese extremists, Bandaranaike nullified this pact. Such severe rioting and communal violence ensued that......
  • Tamil language
    language of the Dravidian family, spoken in southern India; it is the official language of the state of Tamil Nadu (Madras). Other Tamil speakers live in Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, eastern Africa, South Africa, Guyana, and islands in the Indian Ocean, the South Pacific, and the Caribbean. There are several regional dialects of Tamil, two social dialects (Brahman and...
  • Tamil Language Special Provisions Act (1958, Sri Lanka)
    ...nullified this pact. Such severe rioting and communal violence ensued that mass internal migrations of Tamils and Sinhalese occurred, and a state of emergency was declared. In August 1958 The Tamil Language (Special Provisions) Act was passed, providing for the use of Tamil for certain administrative purposes and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education, a measure that......
  • Tamil literature
    body of writings in Tamil, a Dravidian language of India and Sri Lanka. Apart from literature written in classical (Indo-Aryan) Sanskrit, Tamil is the oldest literature in India. Some inscriptions on stone have been dated to the 3rd century bc, but Tamil literature proper begins around the 1st century ad. Much early poetry was religious or epic; an exception was the sec...
  • Tamil Nādu (state, India)
    state of India. It is located in the extreme south of the subcontinent. The state has an area of 50,215 square miles (130,057 square kilometres). It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the east and south and by the states of Kerala to the west, Karnātaka (formerly Mysore) to the northwest, and Andhra Pradesh to the north. The capital is Madras....
  • Tamil script (writing system)
    ...two varieties are used: Brahmanic, or “square,” and Jain, or “round.” The Tulu-Malayalam script is a variety of Grantha dating from the 8th or 9th century ad. The modern Tamil script may also be derived from Grantha, but this is not certain....
  • Tamil Tigers (revolutionary organization, Sri Lanka)
    guerrilla organization that seeks to establish an independent Tamil state, Eelam, in northern and eastern Sri Lanka....
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